职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 2098-2103.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极越冬预选队员冬训期间人格、情绪、社会支持和睡眠状况研究

谢俊杰1, 马翘楚1, 王一帆1, 廉皓1, 王焘2, 蔡文鹏1()   

  1. 1 海军军医大学上海 200433
    2 中国极地研究中心上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 修回日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-07-16
  • 通信作者: 蔡文鹏
  • 作者简介:谢俊杰,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为特殊岗位人群心理健康维护。

Study on the personality,emotion,social support,and sleep status of Antarctic overwintering preselected team members during winter training

XIE Junjie1, MA Qiaochu1, WANG Yifan1, LIAN Hao1, WANG Tao2, CAI Wenpeng1()   

  1. 1 Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
    2 Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136, China
  • Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-10-22 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-07-16
  • Contact: CAI Wenpeng
  • About author:CAI Wenpeng,E-mail:wpcai@smmu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 探讨中国南极越冬预选队员的人格、情绪、社会支持和睡眠状况,为极地心理保障工作提供实践支撑和经验建议。方法 于2024年年初冬训期间,采用大五人格测验量表、抑郁焦虑应激量表、领悟社会支持量表、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表及体动监测仪对47名南极越冬预选队员进行调查研究,并对数据进行分析。结果 越冬预选队员在外倾性维度得分[MP25P75)][28.00(25.00,32.00) vs 25.45(22.79,28.15)分]、宜人性[39.00(35.00,41.00) vs 34.15(31.57,36.67)分]、开放性维度得分[MP25P75)][31.00(29.00,33.00) vs 28.52(25.45,31.52)分]和尽责性维度得分[(35.49±5.20) vs (23.26±4.32)分]显著高于中国大学生常模(Z=2.955、4.068、4.284,t=16.111,均P<0.01),而神经质[(18.47±4.94) vs (33.43±4.37)分]维度得分显著低于中国大学生常模(t=-20.753,P<0.01)。在家庭支持[24.00(22.00,27.00) vs 20.10(16.94,23.24)/21.41(18.21,24.47)分]、朋友支持[24.00(21.00,27.00) vs 18.87(15.64,22.08)/20.54(17.69,23.43)分]和其他支持[23.00(21.00,25.00) vs 19.18(16.16,20.05)/20.95(18.06,23.88)分]得分均显著高于中国高原和内陆青年常模(Z=3.487、3.953、4.051、4.568、4.815、4.864,均P<0.01)。在抑郁[6.00(6.00,8.00) vs 2.97(0.24,5.78)分]、焦虑[9.00(8.00,10.00) vs 5.42(2.07,8.78)分]和应激[9.00(7.00,11.00) vs 6.13(2.49,9.95)分]得分均显著高于中国大学生常模(Z=5.992、5.995、6.098,均P<0.01)。在PSQI总分[7.00(6.00,8.00) vs 3.23(1.15,5.40)分]、睡眠质量[3.00(1.00,4.00) vs 0.67(0.07,1.25)分]和睡眠效率[3.00(3.00,3.00) vs 0.02(0.00,0.51)分]维度得分显著高于中国常模(Z=5.995、6.042、6.856,均P<0.01),而入睡时间[0.00(0.00,1.00) vs 0.70(0.04, 1.35)分]、睡眠时间[0.00(0.00,1.00) vs 0.46(0.00,0.91)分]、睡眠障碍[0.00(0.00,0.00) vs 0.83(0.42,1.22)分]、催眠药物[0.00(0.00,0.00) vs 0.18(0.00,0.61)分]和日间功能[0.00(0.00,1.00) vs 0.79(0.16,1.43)分]显著低于中国常模(Z=-6.856、-5.617、-4.855、-3.873、-3.166,均P<0.01)。结论 中国南极越冬预选队员情绪相对稳定,社会支持度高,心理状态优于普通人员,但在冬训期间产生了焦虑、抑郁状态和睡眠问题,尤其是硕士文化水平预选队员焦虑情绪和已婚预选队员的睡眠问题较为突出。因此,采用科学合理的方法进行心理评估、选拔、干预及治疗,并积极开展极地心理保障相关问题研究是非常有必要的。

关键词: 南极越冬, 预选队员, 冬训, 心理评估, 睡眠状况, 焦虑抑郁

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the personality,emotional state,social support,and sleep status of Chinese Antarctic winter-over candidate team members,in order to provide practical support and experiential recommendations for polar psychological support work. Methods During the winter training period from February 22 to 28,2024,47 Antarctic winter-over candidate team members were assessed using the big five personality inventory(BFI-44),the depression anxiety stress scales(DASS-21),the perceived social support scale(PSSS),the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and actigraph monitors,and the data were analyzed. Results Winter-over candidates scored significantly higher than Chinese college student norms on the dimensions of extraversion[28.00(25.00,32.00) vs 25.45(22.79,28.15)points],agreeableness[39.00(35.00,41.00) vs 34.15(31.57,36.67)points],conscientiousness[(35.49±5.20) vs (23.26±4.32)points,and openness[31.00(29.00,33.00) vs 28.52(25.45,31.52)points](Z=2.955,4.068,4.284,t=16.111,all P<0.01). Conversely,they scored significantly lower on neuroticism[(18.47±4.94) vs (33.43±4.37)points,t=-20.753, P<0.01]. Scores for family support[24.00(22.00,27.00) vs 20.10(16.94,23.24)/21.41(18.21,24.47)points],friend support[24.00(21.00,27.00) vs 18.87(15.64,22.08)/20.54(17.69,23.43)points],and other support[23.00(21.00, 25.00) vs 19.18(16.16, 20.05)/20.95(18.06,23.88)points] were significantly higher than norms for Chinese youth in plateau and inland areas(Z=3.487,3.953, 4.051,4.568,4.815,4.864,all P<0.01). Candidates scored significantly higher than Chinese college student norms on depression[6.00(6.00,8.00) vs 2.97(0.24,5.78)points],anxiety[9.00(8.00,10.00) vs 5.42(2.07,8.78)points],and stress[9.00(7.00,11.00) vs 6.13(2.49,9.95)points](Z=5.992,5.995,6.098,all P<0.01). In terms of PSQI total score[7.00(6.00, 8.00) vs 3.23(1.15,5.40)points],sleep quality[3.00(1.00,4.00) vs 0.67(0.07,1.25)points],and sleep efficiency[3.00(3.00,3.00) vs 0.02(0.00,0.51)points], the scores were significantly higher than Chinese norms(Z=5.995,6.042,6.856,all P<0.01). However,sleep latency[0.00(0.00,1.00) vs 0.70(0.04,1.35)points],sleep duration[0.00(0.00,1.00) vs 0.46(0.00,0.91)points],sleep disturbances[0.00(0.00,0.00) vs 0.83(0.42,1.22)points],use of sleep medication[0.00(0.00,0.00) vs 0.18(0.00,0.61)points],and daytime dysfunction[0.00(0.00, 1.00) vs 0.79(0.16,1.43)points] were significantly lower than the Chinese norm(Z=-6.856,-5.617,-4.855,-3.873, -3.166,all P<0.01). Conclusion Chinese Antarctic winter-over candidate team members exhibit relative emotional stability,high levels of perceived social support,and a generally better psychological state compared to the general population. However,during winter training,they experience elevated states of anxiety and depression,along with sleep problems. Notably,anxiety is more prominent among candidates with a Master's degree,and sleep problems are more significant among married candidates. Therefore,employing scientific and reasonable methods for psychological assessment,selection,intervention,and treatment,along with actively conducting research on issues related to polar psychological support,is highly necessary.

Key words: Antarctic overwintering, Pre-selected team members, Winter training, Psychological evaluation, Sleep conditions, Anxiety and depression

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