职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 2116-2121.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年和田地区梅毒流行病学特征分析

排日代·多来提尼亚孜1,2, 肉孜买买提·吾力玛依提3, 白文清2, 阿曼古力·萨伊木3, 李君钒4, 李超2()   

  1. 1 和田地区策勒县疾病预防控制中心新疆 和田 848300
    2 中国疾病预防控制中心北京 102206
    3 和田地区疾病预防控制中心新疆 和田 848000
    4 成都市疾病预防控制中心四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-07-16
  • 通信作者: 李超
  • 作者简介:排日代·多来提尼亚孜,女,主管医师,主要从事传染病监测与传染性疾病控制工作;
    肉孜买买提·吾力玛依提,男,主管医师,主要从事传染病监测与传染性疾病控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(71934002);01062局—公共卫生人才培养支持项目

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of syphilis in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2023

Pairidai Duolaitiniyazi1,2, Rouzimaimaiti Wulimayiti3, BAI Wenqing2, Amanguli Sayimu3, LI Junfan4, LI Chao2()   

  1. 1 Hotan Prefecture Qira County Center for Disease Control and PreventionHotanXinjiang 848300, China
    2 Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206, China
    3 Hotan Center for Disease Control and PreventionHotanXinjiang 848000, China
    4 Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduCichuan 610041, China
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revised:2025-11-10 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-07-16
  • Contact: LI Chao
  • About author:LI Chao,Email:lichao1@chinacdc.cn

摘要:

目的 分析2014—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区梅毒流行特征和发病趋势,为今后防控措施和对策的制定提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对和田地区发病日期为2014年1月1日—2023年12月31日的梅毒病例进行分析。结果 2014—2023年和田地区梅毒报告发病率波动明显,呈先下降后上升的趋势。其中,一期、二期、三期梅毒和胎传梅毒报告发病率均呈下降趋势,年均下降分别为30.98%、7.95%、25.71%和25.41%,而隐性梅毒报告发病率呈上升趋势(χ2=6 177.790,P<0.05),年均增长12.82%,自2016年起成为梅毒病例感染的主要类型。和田地区各县市均有梅毒病例报告,年均报告发病率居前3位的县分别为墨玉县、民丰县和于田县,占全地区报告病例数的58.89%。男女性别比为1.08 ∶ 1;发病率居前3位的年龄组依次为≥60岁(220.18/10万)、50~<60岁(212.38/10万)和40~<50岁(148.39/10万)年龄组,20~<30岁和50~<60岁年龄组报告发病率呈波动上升态势,年均增长分别为7.03%和4.45%,10年间差异有统计学意义(χ2=561.436、563.734,均P<0.05);报告病例职业主要为农民(78.14%)。结论 和田地区一期、二期和胎传梅毒报告发病率下降,反映和田地区梅毒疫情得到了一定程度的遏制。但隐性梅毒报告的快速上升和梅毒新发病例的年轻化给梅毒疫情防控带来不确定性,应针对疫情发病特点加强重点县市的防治工作,提高梅毒发现和报告管理能力。此外,针对中青年人群和农民等重点群体加强梅毒防治宣传教育,不断扩大行为干预覆盖面。

关键词: 梅毒, 流行病学特征, 变化趋势, 血液及性传播传染病, 疾病防控, 新疆和田

Abstract:

Objective To analyse the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of syphilis in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2023,in order to provide a basis for the development of future preventive and control measures and countermeasures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to carry out statistics and analysis of syphilis cases with onset dates from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2023 in Hotan Prefecture. Results The reported incidence rate of syphilis in Hotan Prefecture fluctuated significantly from 2014 to 2023,showing a decreasing and then increasing trend. Among them,the reported incidence rates of primary syphilis,secondary syphilis,tertiary syphilis and foetal-transmitted syphilis all showed a decreasing trend,with annual average decreases of 30.98%,7.95%,25.71%,and 25.41%,respectively,whereas the reported incidence rate of recessive syphilis showed an increasing trend(χ2=6 177.790,P<0.05),with an annual average increase of 12.82%,and had become the main type of syphilis case infection since 2016. Syphilis cases were reported in all counties and cities in Hotan Prefecture,and the top three counties in terms of annual average reported incidence were Moyu County,Minfeng County,and Yutian County,accounting for 58.89% of the total number of reported cases in the region. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.08 ∶ 1,the top three age groups in terms of incidence rate were ≥60 years old(220.18/100 000),50-<60 years old(212.38/100 000),and 40-<50 years old(148.39/100 000),and the reported incidence rate of 20-<30 years old and 50-<60 years old showed a fluctuating upward trend,with an average annual growth rate of 7.03% and 4.45%,respectively,with statistically significant differences between the ten-year periods(χ2=561.436,563.734,both P<0.05). The occupation of the reported cases was mainly farmers(78.14%). Conclusion The decline in the reported incidence of primary syphilis,secondary syphilis,and foetal-transmitted syphilis in Hotan Prefecture reflects that the syphilis epidemic in Hotan Prefecture has been contained to a certain extent. However,the rapid rise in reported recessive syphilis and the youthfulness of new syphilis cases bring uncertainty to the prevention and control of syphilis epidemics,and prevention and treatment work in key counties and cities should be strengthened in response to the characteristics of the epidemic's incidence,and the capacity for syphilis discovery and reporting and management should be improved. In addition,publicity and education on syphilis prevention and treatment should be strengthened for key groups such as young and middle-aged people and farmers,and the coverage of behavioural interventions should be continuously expanded.

Key words: Syphilis, Epidemiological characteristics, Trend, Bloodborne and sexually transmitted infections, Disease prevention and control, Hotan,Xinjiang

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