职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2172-2177.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同分期矽肺患者肺功能与血常规指标变化及其与炎性因子水平的关联分析

李佳慧1, 何平2, 李雪丹3, 寇久隆1, 杨成新2()   

  1. 1 石河子大学新疆 石河子 832003
    2 新疆维吾尔自治区第三人民医院新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091
    3 新疆医科大学新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 杨成新,E-mail:304230180@qq.com
  • 作者简介:李佳慧,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为劳动卫生与环境卫生学。
  • 基金资助:
    “天山英才”高层次医药卫生领军人才培养计划(TSYC202301A088)

Changes in pulmonary function and blood routine indicators in silicosis patients at different stages and their association with inflammatory cytokine levels

LI Jiahui1, HE Ping2, LI Xuedan3, KOU Jiulong1, YANG Chengxin2()   

  1. 1 Shihezi UniversityShiheziXinjiang 832003, China
    2 The Third People's Hospital of XinjiangUrumqiXinjiang 830091, China
    3 Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830011, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: YANG Chengxin,E-mail:304230180@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析不同分期矽肺患者的肺功能、血常规指标变化及其与白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)水平的关系,了解基于主成分分析的生物标志物评估体系在矽肺分期评估中的应用价值。方法 采用横断面研究设计,纳入2020年1月—2024年12月期间在新疆某家医院接受职业健康检查和诊疗的职业性粉尘暴露人员(包括煤矿机关人员、未确诊接尘人员及矽肺Ⅰ-Ⅲ期患者)。检测用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV1)及血常规参数,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测血清IL-1β和IL-18水平。运用Jonckheere-Terpstra趋势检验分析指标变化趋势,Spearman相关分析评估炎性因子与肺功能指标的关联,主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)构建多维度生物标志物评估模型。结果 随着疾病进展患者肺功能指标呈进行性下降(FVC下降41.6%,P<0.01);血清炎症因子显著升高,IL-1β从对照组的0.15 pg/mL上升至矽肺Ⅲ期的7.28 pg/mL(升高48.5倍),IL-18从136.89 pg/mL上升至1 187.39 pg/mL(升高8.7倍),Jonckheere-Terpstra趋势检验,JT=8 929和6 744.5(均P<0.01);血常规指标中,淋巴细胞百分比从32.98%下降至24.4%(P<0.05);IL-1β与FVC呈显著负相关(ρ=-0.192,P<0.01);主成分分析提取的前3个主成分累计贡献率达97.38%,其中第一主成分(principal component 1,PC1)主要反映炎症反应强度,第二主成分(principal component 2,PC2)主要体现造血系统功能状态。结论 矽肺患者肺功能呈阶段性下降,血常规反映炎症反应增强;血清IL-1β、IL-18水平与疾病严重程度密切相关,并与肺功能损害呈显著负相关。基于主成分分析构建的多维度生物标志物评估体系整合了炎症、血常规及肺功能指标,为矽肺的分期评估和个体化监测提供了新的评价工具。

关键词: 矽肺, 炎症因子, 肺功能, 主成分分析, 白细胞介素-1β, 白细胞介素-18

Abstract:

Objective To analyze lung function and hematological parameter changes in patients with silicosis at different stages,and their relationship with interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18(IL-18) levels,and to understand the application value of a biomarker evaluation system based on principal component analysis in the staging assessment of silicosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving occupational dust-exposed individuals,including coal mine administrative staff,undiagnosed dust-exposed subjects,and patients with stage I-III silicosis,who underwent occupational health examinations and treatment at a hospital in Xinjiang from January 2020 to December 2024. Forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and routine hematological parameters were measured. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test was applied to analyze parameter trends,while Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess associations between inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary function indices. Principal component analysis(PCA) was employed to construct a multidimensional biomarker evaluation model. Results As the disease progressed,pulmonary function indicators of patients showed a progressive decline,with FVC decreasing by 41.6%(P<0.01);Serum inflammatory cytokines increased markedly,with IL-1β rising from 0.15 pg/mL in control group to 7.28 pg/mL in stage III silicosis(a 48.5-fold increase) and IL-18 increasing from 136.89 pg/mL to 1187.39 pg/mL(an 8.7-fold increase),with JT values of 8929 and 6744.5,respectively(both P<0.01);In hematological parameters,while lymphocyte percentage declined from 32.98% to 24.4%(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that IL-1β was significantly negatively correlated with FVC(ρ=-0.192,P<0.01). PCA extracted three principal components with a cumulative variance contribution of 97.38%,where principal component 1(PC1) primarily reflected the intensity of inflammatory responses,and principal component 2(PC2) represented the functional status of the hematopoietic system. Conclusion Pulmonary function in patients with silicosis exhibits stage-specific decline,while hematological findings indicate an enhanced inflammatory response. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels are closely associated with disease severity and show significant negative correlations with pulmonary function impairment. The multidimensional biomarker evaluation system based on PCA integrates inflammatory markers,hematological parameters,and pulmonary function indices,offering a novel tool for staging assessment and individualized monitoring of silicosis.

Key words: Silicosis, Inflammatory cytokines, Pulmonary function, Principal component analysis, IL-1β, IL-18

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