职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2214-2219.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2016—2024年自贡市流感样病例监测预警分析

刘桂丹, 张洁, 崔婷婷, 明雪薇, 黄青兰, 周敏()   

  1. 自贡市疾病预防控制中心四川 自贡 643000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01 修回日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 周敏,E-mail:526311769@qq.com
  • 作者简介:刘桂丹,女,副主任医师,主要从事疾病控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    自贡市社会科学界联合会健康人文研究中心2024年度课题(JKRWY24-05)

Analysis of surveillance and early warning of influenza-like illness cases in Zigong City from 2016 to 2024

LIU Guidan, ZHANG Jie, CUI Tingting, MING Xuewei, HUANG Qinglan, ZHOU Min()   

  1. Zigong Center for Disease Control and PreventionZigongSichuan 643000, China
  • Received:2025-09-01 Revised:2025-09-24 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: ZHOU Min,E-mail:526311769@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析2016—2024年自贡市流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)监测数据,研究ILI与气象因素的相关性,构建流感预测模型,为流感防控提供参考依据。方法 对2016—2024年自贡市国家级流感监测哨点医院报告的ILI数据和气象数据进行分析,采用Spearman秩相关分析ILI与流感样病例百分比(influenza-like illness percentage,ILI%)的相关性;采用季节性差分自回归滑动平均模型(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average,SARIMA)对自贡市流感样病例百分比(ILI%)进行预测。结果 2016—2024年自贡市国家级流感监测哨点医院报告ILI共174 189例,ILI%为4.72%,共采集ILI标本10 920份,阳性率为20.12%。不同年份优势毒株不同(χ2=1 737.32,P<0.05),ILI与ILI%呈正相关(r=0.89,P<0.05),ILI%与平均气温呈正相关(r=0.136,P<0.05),与平均气压(r=-0.125,P<0.05)和相对湿度(r=-0.129,P<0.05)呈负相关。预测模型显示,自贡市2025年上半年流感流行呈下降趋势,与流行特征一致。结论 2016—2024年自贡市流感样病例监测总体呈波动上升趋势,甲型HIN1、H3N2和乙型Victoria系流感病毒优势毒株交替流行,气象因素与流感发病相关,SARIMA模型能较好对流感样病例进行预测。

关键词: 自贡市, 流感样病例, 病原, 监测, 气象因素, 预测分析

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of influenza-like illness(ILI) in Zigong City from 2016 to 2024,investigate the correlation between ILI cases and meteorological factors,construct an influenza prediction model,and provide a reference point for influenza prevention and control. Methods ILI data and meteorological data reported by national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zigong City from 2016 to 2024 were analyzed. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between ILI and the influenza-like illness percentage(ILI%). The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA) model was applied to predict ILI% in Zigong City. Results From 2016 to 2024,174 189 ILI cases were reported by national influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Zigong City,with an ILI% of 4.72%. Among 10 920 ILI specimens collected,the positive rate was 20.12%. Dominant strains varied annually(χ2=1 737.32,P<0.05).A positive correlation was observed between ILI and ILI%(r=0.89,P<0.05). ILI% was positively correlated with average temperature(r=0.136,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with average air pressure(r=-0.125,P<0.05) and relative humidity(r=-0.129,P<0.05). The SARIMA model predicted a declining influenza trend in Zigong City during the first half of 2025,aligning with historical epidemic patterns. Conclusion From 2016 to 2024,ILI surveillance in Zigong City revealed a fluctuating upward trend,and dominant strains of influenza A(H1N1),H3N2,and influenza B(Victoria lineage) alternated in prevalence. Meteorological factors are associated with influenza incidence,and the SARIMA model demonstrates robust predictive capability for ILI.

Key words: Zigong, Influenza-like illness, Pathogen, Surveillance, Meteorological factors, Predictive analysis

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