医务人员人工智能焦虑的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人工智能在医疗领域的深度渗透，医务人员将面临技术焦虑、职业替代风险、法律责任模糊、技术不透明、人文关怀缺失等压力，随之而来的人工智能焦虑逐渐成为技术转型期的核心议题。本文系统综述了医务人员人工智能焦虑的研究进展，从概念界定、评估工具、现状特征、影响因素及干预策略5个维度展开分析，以期为我国未来开展相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 医务人员, 人工智能, 焦虑, 概念界定, 评估工具, 现状特征, 影响因素, 干预策略

Abstract:

With the deep integration of artificial intelligence（AI） in the medical field，healthcare professionals are facing increasing pressures such as technological anxiety，job displacement risks，ambiguous legal liabilities，technological opacity，and the loss of humanistic care. Consequently，artificial intelligence anxiety（AIA） has emerged as a critical issue during this technological transition period. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on AIA among medical staff，analyzing it from five dimensions：conceptual definition，assessment tools，current status，influencing factors，and intervention strategies，in order to provide a reference for future related research in China.

Key words: Medical staff, Artificial intelligence, Anxiety, Conceptual definition, Assessment tools, Current characteristics, Influencing factors, Intervention strategy

中图分类号:

R192

王安琪, 姜丽英, 朱君效. 医务人员人工智能焦虑的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(16): 2290-2294.

WANG Anqi, JIANG Liying, ZHU Junxiao. Research progress on artificial intelligence anxiety among medical staff. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(16): 2290-2294.

参考文献 48

[1]	FİLİZ E, GÜZEL Ş, ŞENGÜL A. Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Yapay Zeka Kaygı Durumlarının İncelenmesi[J]. Int J Acad Value Stud, 2022, 8(8): 47-55. DOI URL
[2]	YANG H, SUNDAR S S. AI anxiety:Explication and exploration of effect on state anxiety when interacting with AI doctors[J]. Comput Human Behav Artif Hum, 2025, 3(1):100-128.
[3]	JOHNSON D G, VERDICCHIO M. AI Anxiety[J]. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol, 2017, 68(9):2267-2270. DOI URL
[4]	LI J, HUANG J S. Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Based on Integrated Fear Acquisition Theory[J]. Technol Soc, 2020, 63(2):101-114.
[5]	MAURER M M. Computer anxiety correlates and what they tell us:A literature review[J]. Computers in Human Behavior, 1994, 10(3):369-376. DOI URL
[6]	FISHBEIN M, AJZEN I. Belief,Attitude,Intention and Behaviour:An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley,Reading MA[J]. Philos Rhetoric, 1977, 41(4):842-844.
[7]	WANG Y Y, WANG Y S. Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale:an initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior[J]. Interact Learn Environ, 2019, 2(2):1-16. DOI URL
[8]	BROSNAN M, LEE W. A cross-cultural comparison of gender differences in computer attitudes and anxieties:the United Kingdom and Hong Kong[J]. Comput Hum Behav, 1998, 14(4):559-577. DOI URL
[9]	DONG X, MCINTYRE S H. The Second Machine Age:Work,Progress,and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies[J]. Quant Finance, 2014, 14(11):1895-1896. DOI URL
[10]	DERINALP P, AND OZYURT M. Adaptation of the Student Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence Scale to the Turkish Context:Validity and Reliability Study[J]. Int J Hum-Comput Int, 2025, 41(8):4653-4667.
[11]	AKKAYA B, ÖZKAN A, ÖZKAN H. Yapay Zeka Kaygı(YZK)Ölçeği:Türkçeye Uyarlama,Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması[J]. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 2021, 5(2):1125-1146. DOI URL
[12]	HAJEK A. ZWAR L, NEUMANN A, et al. Translation and validation of the artificial intelligence anxiety scale in German[J]. PLoS One, 2025, 20(10):e0333073. DOI URL
[13]	CHIU Y-T, ZHU Y-Q, CORBETT J. In the hearts and minds of employees:A model of pre-adoptive appraisal toward artificial intelligence in organizations[J]. Int J Inf Manag, 2021, 60(2):102-109.
[14]	BUCHANAN C, HOWITT M L, WILSON R, et al. Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on the Domains of Nursing:Scoping Review[J]. JMIR Nurs, 2020, 3(1):239-249.
[15]	LEE D, YOON S N. Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies in the Healthcare Industry:Opportunities and Challenges[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(1):46-49. DOI URL
[16]	REEDER K, LEE H. Impact of artificial intelligence on US medical students' choice of radiology[J]. Clin Imaging, 2022, 8(1):67-71.
[17]	YOUNG A T, AMARA D, BHATTACHARYA A, et al. Patient and general public attitudes towards clinical artificial intelligence:a mixed methods systematic review[J]. Lancet Digit Health, 2021, 3(9):e599-e611.
[18]	MOLDT J A, FESTL-WIETEK T, MADANY MAMLOUK A, et al. Chatbots for future docs:exploring medical students' attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence and medical chatbots[J]. Med Educ Online, 2023, 28(1):218-229.
[19]	LIU H, DING N, LI X, et al. Artificial Intelligence and Radiologist Burnout[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2024, 7(11):e244-e254.
[20]	SWAN B A. Assessing the Knowledge and Attitudes of Registered Nurses about Artificial Intelligence in Nursing and Health Care[J]. Nurs Economic, 2021, 39(3):139-143.
[21]	ÜNAL A S, AVCı A. Evaluation of neonatal nurses' anxiety and readiness levels towards the use of artificial intelligence[J]. J Pediatr Nurs, 2024, 7(9):e16-e23.
[22]	ÇOBANOĞLU A, OĞUZHAN H. Artificial Intelligence Anxiety of Nurses and Related Factors[J]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Salık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023, 9(3):236-246.
[23]	JUTZI T B, KRIEGHOFF-HENNING E I, HOLLAND-LETZ T, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Skin Cancer Diagnostics:The Patients’ Perspective[J]. Front Med, 2020, 7(2):233-244. DOI URL
[24]	YU K H, BEAM A L, KOHANE I S. Artificial intelligence in healthcare[J]. Nat Biomed Eng, 2018, 2(10):719-731. DOI
[25]	BRIGANTI G, LE MOINE O. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine:Today and Tomorrow[J]. Front Med, 2020, 7(2):2-7. DOI URL
[26]	LIU C F, CHEN Z C, KUO S C, et al. Does AI explainability affect physicians' intention to use AI?[J]. Int J Med Inform, 2022, 16(8):104-114.
[27]	MELKAS H, HENNALA L, PEKKARINEN S, et al. Impacts of robot implementation on care personnel and clients in elderly-care institutions[J]. Int J Med Inform, 2020, 13(4):104-111.
[28]	DEMIR-KAYMAK Z, TURAN Z, UNLU-BIDIK N, et al. Effects of midwifery and nursing students' readiness about medical Artificial intelligence on Artificial intelligence anxiety[J]. Nurse Educ Pract, 2024, 7(8):103-114. DOI URL
[29]	ALSAEDI A R, ALNEAMI N, ALMAJNONI F, et al. Perceived worries in the adoption of artificial intelligence among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia:A cross-sectional survey study[J]. Nurs Rep, 2024, 14(4):3706-3721. DOI URL
[30]	GAO S, HE L, CHEN Y, et al. Public Perception of artificial intelligence in medical care:Content analysis of aocial media[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2020, 22(7):e166-e179.
[31]	TARSUSLU S, AGAOGLU F O, BAS M. Can digital leadership transform AI anxiety and attitude in nurses?[J]. J Nurs Scholarsh, 2025, 57(1):28-38. DOI URL
[32]	FARHUD D D, ZOKAEI S. Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare[J]. Iran J Public Health, 2021, 50(11):i-v.
[33]	LóPEZ D M, RICO-OLARTE C, BLOBEL B, et al. Challenges and solutions for transforming health ecosystems in low-and middle-income countries through artificial intelligence[J]. Front Med, 2022, 9(2):958-970.
[34]	YU L, ZHAI X. Use of artificial intelligence to address health disparities in low-and middle-income countries:A thematic analysis of ethical issues[J]. Public health, 2024, 23(4):77-83. DOI URL
[35]	LI W, LIU X. Anxiety about artificial intelligence from patient and doctor-physician[J]. Patient Educ Couns, 2024, 13(3):108-119.
[36]	VASQUEZ B, MORENO-LACALLE R, SORIANO G P, et al. Technological machines and artificial intelligence in nursing practice[J]. Nurs Health Sci, 2023, 25(3):474-481. DOI PMID
[37]	AHMED S K. Artificial intelligence in nursing:Current trends,possibilities and pitfalls[J]. J Med Surg Public Health, 2024, 3(1):160-172.
[38]	KAMEL R A, PIENAAR O, GHADIMI M, et al. Implementing AI in hospitals to achieve a learning health system:Systematic review of current enablers and barriers[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26(2):e4965-e4970.
[39]	STÖGER K, SCHNEEBERGER D, HOLZINGER A. Medical artificial intelligence:The European legal perspective[J]. Commun ACM, 2021, 64(11):34-36.
[40]	PLASS M, KARGL M, KIEHL T R, et al. Explainability and causability in digital pathology[J]. J Pathol Clin Res, 2023, 9(4):251-260. DOI URL
[41]	CHROMIK M, EIBAND M, VÖLKEL S T, et al. Dark patterns of explainability,transparency,and user control for intelligent systems[C]. USA: Proceedings of the IUI Workshops, 2019.
[42]	ABUZAID M M, ELSHAMI W, FADDEN S M. Integration of artificial intelligence into nursing practice[J]. Health Technol, 2022, 12(6):1109-1115. DOI
[43]	SOMMER D, SCHMIDBAUER L, WAHL F. Nurses' perceptions,experience and knowledge regarding artificial intelligence:results from a cross-sectional online survey in Germany[J]. BMC Nurs, 2024, 23(1):205-209. DOI
[44]	LABRAGUE L J, AGUILAR-ROSALES R, YBOA B C, et al. Factors influencing student nurses' readiness to adopt artificial intelligence(AI) in their studies and their perceived barriers to accessing AI technology:A cross-sectional study[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2023, 130(8):105-115.
[45]	VON GERICH H, MOEN H, BLOCK L J, et al. Artificial Intelligence -based technologies in nursing:A scoping literature review of the evidence[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2022, 12(7):104-123.
[46]	IRWIN P, JONES D, FEALY S. What is ChatGPT and what do we do with it? Implications of the age of AI for nursing and midwifery practice and education:An editorial[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2023, 127(9):105-115.
[47]	JUNG S. Challenges for future directions for artificial intelligence integrated nursing simulation education[J]. Korean J Women Health Nurs, 2023, 29(3):239-242. DOI PMID
[48]	CAWTHORPE D. Leadership constructs and artificial intelligence:Introducing a novel organizational assessment survey[J]. Qeios, 2023, 12(6):1101-1126.