职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 2349-2353.

• 论著——食品安全与营养 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2025年天津市学生食源性疾病流行病学及病原学特征分析

赵帅, 申志童, 王士玉, 马洁()   

  1. 天津市疾病预防控制中心天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-21 修回日期:2026-06-03 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-14
  • 通信作者: 马洁 E-mail:majie605@163.com
  • 作者简介:赵帅,男,主管医师,主要从事营养与食品卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市医学重点发展学科(TJYXZDXK-3-004D)

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics analysis of foodborne diseases among students in Tianjin from 2015 to 2025

ZHAO Shuai, SHEN Zhitong, WANG Shiyu, MA Jie()   

  1. Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2026-04-21 Revised:2026-06-03 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-14
  • Contact: MA Jie E-mail:majie605@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解2015—2025年天津市学生食源性疾病病例特征,为制定在校学生食源性疾病防控政策提供参考依据。方法 通过天津市食源性疾病监测报告系统收集2015—2025年天津市哨点医院就诊的学生食源性疾病病例信息,采集粪便标本进行特定病原体检测,对监测数据进行分析。结果 2015—2025年天津市共监测3 428例学生食源性疾病病例,男女比为1.75 ∶ 1,大学组病例数最多(1 204例),高中组发病率最高(29.40/10万)。发病时间呈6月和9月两个高峰,不同学段病例的季度分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.861,P<0.05)。环城区病例最多,不同学段病例的地区分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=230.676,P<0.05)。可疑暴露食品类别以混合食品、多种食品为主(22.29%),加工及包装方式以餐饮服务业为主(30.69%),食品来源场所以其他类为主(28.44%)。病原体总检出率为8.93%,其中诺如病毒检出率最高(11.81%),沙门菌和致泻大肠埃希菌次之,不同病原体检出数在不同暴露食品类别和食品来源场所分布之间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 2015—2025天津市学生食源性疾病发病呈夏秋季高峰,高中学生病例发病率最高,诺如病毒是主要病原体。建议加强餐饮服务环节的食品安全监管,并针对学生及校园周边食品经营者开展食源性疾病防治知识宣教。

关键词: 学生, 食源性疾病, 监测, 流行病学特征, 病原学, 天津

Abstract:

Objective To understand the characteristics of foodborne disease cases among students in Tianjin from 2015 to 2025,providing a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control policies for foodborne diseases among in-school students. Methods Through the Tianjin Foodborne Disease Surveillance and Reporting System,information on foodborne disease cases among students treated at sentinel hospitals in Tianjin from 2015 to 2025 was collected. Fecal specimens were obtained for specific pathogen detection,and the monitoring data were analyzed. Results From 2015 to 2025,a total of 3 428 foodborne disease cases among students were monitored in Tianjin,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.75 ∶ 1. The university group had the largest number of cases(1 024),and the high school group had the highest incidence rate(29.40/100 000). Disease onset showed two peaks in June and September. There was a statistically significant difference in the quarterly distribution of cases across different educational stages(χ2=22.861,P<0.05). The ring urban area had the most cases,and there was a statistically significant difference in the regional distribution of cases across different educational stages(χ2=230.676,P<0.05). Suspected exposure food categories were primarily mixed foods and multiple foods(22.29%),processing and packagin methods were mainly from the catering service sector(30.69%),and food sources were mainly other categories(28.44%). The overall pathogen detection rate was 8.93%,with norovirus showing the highest detection rate(11.81%),followed by Salmonella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Differences in the distribution of different pathogens across exposure food categories and food source places were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2025,the incidence of foodborne diseases among students in Tianjin exhibited summer-autumn peaks,with a higher proportion of cases among high school students,and norovirus was the predominant pathogen. It is recommended to strengthen food safety supervision in the catering service sector and to conduct targeted education on foodborne disease prevention and control for students and food business operators around campuses.

Key words: Student, Foodborne disease, Survelillance, Epidemiological characteristics, Etiology, Tianjin

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