关键词: 粉尘作业, 职业健康检查, 尘肺样改变, 肺功能, 监测

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the occupational health status of workers engaged in dust-related operations in Handan City in 2024，and to provide a scientific basis for formulating key occupational disease prevention and control policies in Handan City. Methods A total of 29 716 occupational health examination cases of dust-exposed workers in Handan City in 2024 were collected through the "Occupational Disease and Health Hazardous Factors Surveillance System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The chest radiography Results and pulmonary function Results of dust-exposed workers were analyzed from dimensions such as region，type of dust exposure，industry，enterprise scale，gender，age，and length of service. Results Among 29 716 dust-exposed workers，16 had pneumoconiosis-like change on chest X-rays，with a change rate of 0.05%. Abnormal forced vital capacity（FVC） was found in 1 987 cases，with a detection rate of 6.69%. Abnormal forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV₁） was found in 402 cases，with a detection rate of 1.35%. Abnormal FEV₁/FVC ratio was found in 198 cases，with a detection rate of 0.67%.The rate of pneumoconiosis-like change was the highest in the central and western regions. The abnormal rates of FVC% and FEV₁/FVC% in a certain county and district in the east were both higher than those in other counties and districts（χ²=2 185.237，323.857，both P<0.01）. The abnormal rate of FEV₁% in a certain county and district in the south was higher than that in other counties and districts（χ²=641.803，P<0.01）. The rate of pneumoconiosis-like change among workers exposed to coal dust and silica dust was higher than that of workers exposed to other types of dust（χ²=9.186，P<0.05）. The rate of pneumoconiosis-like change in the mining and construction industries was higher than that in other industries（χ²=10.120，P<0.05）. The abnormal rates of FVC%，FEV₁% and FEV₁/FVC% in small and micro enterprises were all higher than those in large and medium-sized enterprises（χ²=272.515，33.586，16.874，both P<0.01）. Conclusion The chest radiography and pulmonary function Results of dust-exposed workers in Handan City show obvious distribution characteristics in terms of region，type of dust exposure，industry，enterprise scale，gender，age and length of service. Dust control work in key regions and industries should be strengthened，and occupational health monitoring of key populations should be enhanced to protect the health of workers.

Key words: Dust operation, Occupational health examination, Pneumoconiosis-like change, Pulmonary function, Surveillance