职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2598-2601.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东省某大型铅蓄电池企业作业人员职业健康检查结果分析

樊盼盼1, 张士怀2(), 张志虎2, 陈学磊2, 左伟2, 张普1   

  1. 1 山东第一医科大学附属职业病医院职业卫生检测评价中心山东 济南 250002
    2 山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院山东 济南 250002
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25 修回日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 张士怀,E-mail:shihuai111@163.com
  • 作者简介:樊盼盼,女,工程师,主要从事职业卫生检测评价工作。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省医药卫生科技青年项目(202412010388)

Analysis on occupational health examination results of workers in a large lead-acid battery enterprise in Shandong Province

FAN Panpan1, ZHANG Shihuai2(), ZHANG Zhihu2, CHEN Xuelei2, ZUO Wei2, ZHANG Pu1   

  1. 1 Occupational Health Testing and Evaluation CenterOccupational Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,JinanShandong 250002, China
    2 Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational MedicineJinanShandong 250002, China
  • Received:2025-07-25 Revised:2025-11-05 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: ZHANG Shihuai,E-mail:shihuai111@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析山东省某大型铅蓄电池企业作业人员职业健康检查结果,了解劳动者职业性铅接触情况及职工血铅水平的现况。方法 2023年检测某大型铅蓄电池企业主要岗位职业病危害因素,对736名生产工人进行在岗期间职业健康检查和血铅含量测定,并对70名管理人员进行血铅含量测定和健康检查。接触组为极板和组装车间接铅的429名作业工人,对照组为充电车间工人和管理人员377名非铅接触者。结果 在岗期间职业健康检查中,检出中度贫血4人,血铅异常检出率为1.9%(8/429),听力异常检出率为4.1%(30/736),接触组血铅浓度明显高于对照组(Z=-21.356,P<0.01)。接触组不同性别、年龄、铅类型、心电图组间的血铅浓度比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-5.107、-1.989、-8.925、-2.040,均P<0.05);对照组的血铅浓度与年龄呈正相关(r=0.172,P<0.01)。健康检查结果显示,接触组和对照组红细胞计数偏低、血红蛋白偏低、心电图异常、丙氨酸转氨酶偏高和白细胞计数的5项指标异常检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 长期铅接触对工人健康会有一定的危害,应加强对工人血铅水平及健康指标的监测,保护劳动者身体健康。

关键词: 铅蓄电池, 铅尘, 铅烟, 职业健康检查, 血铅

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the occupational health examination results of workers in a large lead-acid battery enterprise in Shandong Province,and to understand the current situation of occupational lead exposure and blood lead levels among workers. Methods The occupational hazards of major positions in a large lead-acid battery enterprise were detected in 2023. Occupational health examinations and blood lead content measurements for 736 production workers during their employment and blood lead content measurements and health examinations for 70 management personnel were conducted. The contact group consisted of 429 workers who were exposed to lead in the electrode plate and assembly workshop,while the control group consisted of 377 non lead exposed workers and management personnel in the charging workshop. Results During the on-the-job occupational health examination,4 individuals were found to have moderate anemia,with a detection rate of 1.9%(8/429) for abnormal blood lead and 4.1%(30/736) for abnormal hearing. The blood lead concentration in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group(Z=-21.356,P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in blood lead concentrations in the exposure groups of different genders,ages,lead types,and electrocardiogram groups(Z=-5.107,-1.989,-8.925,-2.040,all P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the blood lead concentration and age of the control group(r=0.172,P<0.01). The health examination results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates of five abnormal indicators,including low red blood cell count,low hemoglobin,abnormal electrocardiogram,high alanine aminotransferase,and white blood cell count,between the contact group and the control group(all P>0.05). Conclusion Long term exposure to lead can pose certain health hazards to workers,and monitoring their blood lead levels and health indicators should be strengthened to protect their physical health.

Key words: Lead-acid battery, Lead dust, Lead smoke, Occupational health examination, Blood lead

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