职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 237-242.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

实习护生工作投入潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

任颖, 刘宝瑜, 孙玉梅, 李晴晴, 杨博文, 庞晓丽()   

  1. 天津中医药大学,天津 301617
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-06 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-06
  • 通信作者: 庞晓丽,E-mail:pangxiaoli1976@163.com
  • 作者简介:任颖,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为护理教育。
  • 基金资助:
    天津中医药大学第十四届大学生科技创新基金(ZX07);天津中医药大学第十四届大学生科技创新基金(ZX10);天津中医药大学教育教学改革研究课题(2023YJY015)

Latent profile analysis of intern nurses' work engagement and influencing factors

REN Ying, LIU Baoyu, SUN Yumei, LI Qingqing, YANG Bowen, PANG Xiaoli()   

  1. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China
  • Received:2025-04-06 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-06

摘要:

目的 探究实习护生工作投入现状,分析其工作投入的潜在剖面与相关影响因素的关系,为临床护理管理和护理教育提供理论依据和实践指导。 方法 2024年9—10月,采用便利抽样方法,对天津市某高校护理学专业的378名实习护生进行问卷调查。使用潜在剖面分析方法,结合工作投入量表、角色压力量表和美国国家航天航空局任务负荷指数量表,对实习护生的工作投入水平进行评估。 结果 实习护生的工作投入量表总得分为(4.51±1.60)分,角色压力量表总得分为(55.76±5.36)分,美国国家航天航空局任务负荷指数量表总得分为(11.36±3.55)分。实习护生的工作投入存在异质性,可分为低、中、高3个潜在剖面,分别为低工作投入组(15.3%)、中等工作投入组(46.6%)、高工作投入组(38.1%)。多元logistic回归分析结果显示,以高工作投入组为参照,有兼职经历和角色压力是低工作投入组的预测因素(均P<0.05),家中有无医疗相关从业人员情况和美国国家航天航空局任务负荷指数为低工作投入组和中等工作投入组的预测因素(均P<0.01)。 结论 实习护生工作投入处于中高水平,可分为3个潜在剖面。护理管理者及学校老师需关注实习护生的工作投入水平,根据其不同潜在剖面特征进行分类干预,以期为护理事业提供后备力量,壮大护理人才队伍。

关键词: 实习护生, 工作投入, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素, 角色压力, 心理负荷

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of work engagement among nursing students during their internship and analyze the potential profiles of their work engagement and the relationships with influencing factors and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical nursing management and nursing education. Methods From September to October 2024,a convenience sampling method was used to survey 378 nursing students majoring in nursing from a university in Tianjin. Using the latent profile analysis(LPA),combined with the work engagement scale,role stress scale,and the NASA task load index(TLX) to evaluate the level of work engagement among the nursing students. Results The total score of the work engagement scale was (4.51±1.60)points,the total score of the role stress scale was (55.76±5.36)points,and the total score of the NASA TLX was (11.36±3.55)points. The work engagement of nursing students was heterogeneous and could be divided into three potential profile categories:lowwork engagement group(15.3%),medium work engagement group(46.6%),and high work engagement group(38.1%). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that,compared with the high work engagement group,having part-time experience and role stress were predictors for the low work engagement group(both P<0.05). Whether there were medical professionals in the family and the NASA TLX were predictors for the low and medium work engagement group(both P<0.01). Conclusion The work engagement of nursing students is at a medium to high level and can be divided into three potential profiles. Nursing managers and school teachers need to pay attention to the work engagement level of nursing students and provide targeted interventions based on the characteristics of different potential profiles to provide a reserve force for the nursing profession and strengthen the nursing workforce.

Key words: Intern nursing student, Work engagement, Latent profile analysis, Influencing factors, Role stress, Psychological load

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