关键词: 食品安全, 营养健康, 影响因素, 知信行, 居民, 贵州

Abstract:

Objective To understand the knowledge-attitude-practice（KAP） level of rural residents in Guizhou Province and its influencing factors，and to identify the key health education targets，so as to provide a reference basis for the subsequent development of food safety and nutritional health education to guide rural residents to have a reasonable diet. Methods From October 2024 to January 2025，a convenience sampling survey was conducted on 7 239 rural residents in Guizhou Province using the Wenjuanxing platform to investigate their knowledge of food safety and nutritional health.Unconditional binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of rural residents' KAP on food safety and nutritional health. Results Among the 7 075 rural residents finally included in the study，the primary channel for acquiring food safety and nutrition health knowledge was the internet，with short videos being the most preferred format，and nutrition science content being the most desired topic. The pass rate of rural residents' food safety and nutrition health knowledge was 67.7%，the rate of positive attitude was 66.2%，and the rate of healthy behavior was 81.6%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that，compared with those with junior high school education or below，residents with high school/vocational high school/secondary vocational education，college and above education scored better in food safety and nutrition knowledge，with odds ratios（OR） values of 1.405（95%CI：1.108-1.780），1.766（95%CI：1.399- 2.229），and 1.787（95%CI：1.404-2.274），respectively. Compared with those with incomes 0-<10 000 yuan，residents with incomes of 10 000-<30 000，30 000-<50 000，and ≥50 000 yuan demonstrated better scores in food safety and nutrition knowledge，with OR values of 1.357（95%CI：1.178-1.562），1.309（95%CI：1.122-1.527），and 1.389（95%CI：1.164-1.685），respectively. Compared with males，females demonstrated less positive attitudes toward food safety and nutrition health，OR values were 0.865（95%CI：0.776-0.964），0.876（95%CI：0.797-1.012），and 0.917（95%CI：0.897-1.033），respectively. Compared with those with junior high school education or below，residents with senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school，college and above education exhibited more positive attitudes toward food safety and nutrition health，with OR values of 1.476（95%CI：1.187-1.836），1.544（95%CI：1.264-1.886），and 1.700（95%CI：1.387-2.084），respectively. Compared with males，females exhibited healthier food safety and nutrition-related behaviors，with OR values of 1.232（95%CI：1.081-1.405）.The four-quadrant analysis showed that 57.4% were in Quadrant I（good knowledge and healthy behavior），24.2% were in Quadrant II（poor knowledge and healthy behavior），8.1% were in Quadrant III（poor knowledge and unhealthy behavior），and 10.3% were in Quadrant IV（good knowledge and unhealthy behavior）. Conclusion The KAP level of food safety and nutritional health of rural residents in Guizhou Province needs to be improved，and there are still deficiencies in some knowledge and health behaviors. The four-quadrant analysis method identifies the key populations for health education by evaluating the current status of rural residents' KAP，and the relevant departments can take targeted measures according to the weaknesses of different populations and their influencing factors，so as to scientifically and effectively improve the health literacy level of rural residents.

Key words: Food safety, Nutritional health, Influencing factors, Knowledge-attitude-practice, Resident, Guizhou