职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 2833-2838.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年青岛市某区居民减盐状况调查

王宣1,2, 孙思敏2, 张华3, 张丙银4, 张金太2(), 张莉1()   

  1. 1 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院北京 100730
    2 青岛市黄岛区疾病预防控制中心山东 青岛 266499
    3 青岛市疾病预防控制中心山东 青岛 266033
    4 山东省疾病预防控制中心山东 济南 250014
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-21 修回日期:2026-03-02 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通信作者: 张莉,E-mail:zhangli@pumc.edu.cn;张金太,E-mail:zjt1974@163.com
  • 作者简介:王宣,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为慢性病预防与控制。
  • 基金资助:
    青岛市医疗卫生重点学科建设项目(2025060)

Study on the salt reduction among residents in a certain district of Qingdao City in 2024

WANG Xuan1,2, SUN Simin2, ZHANG Hua3, ZHANG Bingyin4, ZHANG Jintai2(), ZHANG Li1()   

  1. 1 School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
    2 Qingdao Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and PreventionQingdaoShandong 266499, China
    3 Qingdao Center for Disease Control and PreventionQingdaoShandong 266033, China
    4 Shandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanShandong 250014, China
  • Received:2026-01-21 Revised:2026-03-02 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-09-14
  • Contact: ZHANG Li,E-mail:zhangli@pumc.edu.cn;ZHANG Jintai,E-mail:zjt1974@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解青岛市某区居民减盐的知识、信念、行为(知信行)水平,以及尿钠水平和高血压患病现况,探索减盐知信行与尿钠及高血压患病之间的关联,明确人群减盐知信行的干预重点,为高血压的人群防控提供依据。方法 2024年8月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在青岛市某区选取350名18~69岁常住居民为研究对象进行问卷调查和体格检查,使用线性回归和多因素Logistic回归探究知信行与尿钠及高血压的关联。结果 减盐知识、态度、行为高水平者的比例分别为67.4%、74.6%和44.3%,减盐知信行总分高水平者占63.1%。人群尿钠中位数为112.30 mmol/L,减盐知信行总分高水平人群尿钠水平较低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.141,P<0.05)。人群高血压患病率为36.3%,减盐行为高水平人群高血压患病率低于行为低水平人群,差异有统计学意义(28.4% vs 42.6%,P<0.05);减盐行为高水平是高血压患病的保护因素(OR=0.559,95%CI: 0.342~0.912,P<0.05)。结论 青岛市某区居民减盐知识知晓率和信念相对较高,行为水平较低。应加强普及低钠盐、引导居民使用盐勺等具体行为,强化控盐措施的指导,促进居民将知识转化为行动,降低高血压发病风险,提高健康素养。

关键词: 高血压, 减盐, 知信行, 健康教育, 尿钠, 横断面研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the knowledge-attitudes-practice(KAP) related to salt-reduction among residents in a certain district of Qingdao City,as well as their urinary sodium levels and hypertension prevalence,explore the association between salt- reduction KAP and urinary sodium levels and hypertension prevalence,and identify the preferential intervention of salt-reduction KAP and provide a basis for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 350 residents aged 18-69 years in a certain district of Qingdao City for questionnaire surveys and health examination in August 2024. Linear regression and multivariate Logistic regression were used to explore the association between KAP,urinary sodium,and hypertension. Results The proportion of participants with high levels of salt reduction knowledge,attitude,and practice were 67.4%,74.6%,and 44.30%,respectively,and 63.1% of participants had high overall KAP scores. The median urinary sodium level was 112.30 mmol/L,with those having high overall KAP scores showing lower urinary sodium levels,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.141,P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was 36.3%,with the hypertension rate among individuals with high salt reduction behaviors being lower than that in the low-score group,and the difference was statistically significant(28.4% vs 42.6%,P<0.05). High salt reduction behavior was a protective factor for hypertension(OR=0.559,95%CI:0.342-0.912,P<0.05). Conclusion Residents in a certain district of Qingdao City have a relatively high level of salt reduction knowledge and related beliefs,but behaviors are still at a low level. Efforts should focus on promoting specific behaviors,such as the use of low-sodium salt and salt spoons,strengthening guidance on salt control measures,and encouraging residents to translate knowledge into action,thereby reducing the risk of hypertension and improving health literacy.

Key words: Hypertension, Salt reduction, Knowledge-attitude-practice, Health education, Urinary sodium, Cross-sectional studies

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