职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 2919-2925.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于危害分析与关键控制点理论的手术室护士血源性职业暴露风险量表的编制及信效度检验

彭雪刚1, 雷洪鑫2, 王媛媛1   

  1. 1 南京医科大学第一附属医院江苏 南京 210003
    2 江苏省中医院江苏 南京 210029
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 作者简介:彭雪刚,男,护师,主要从事手术室护理工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82203864)

Development and psychometric testing of a bloodborne occupational exposure risk scale for operating room nurses based on the hazard analysis and critical control point theory

PENG Xuegang1, LEI Hongxin2, WANG Yuanyuan1   

  1. 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210003, China
    2 Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu 210029, China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-12-11 Online:2026-11-01 Published:2026-09-04

摘要:

目的 构建基于危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)理论的手术室护士血源性职业暴露风险量表,并进行信效度检验。方法 采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈,初步拟定手术室护士血源性职业暴露量表条目池;通过Delphi专家函询、层次分析法及预调查形成初始量表。于2024年1—12月,采用方便抽样法选取江苏省2所三级甲等综合医院的手术室护士作为调查对象进行量表的项目分析和信效度检验。结果 手术室护士血源性职业暴露风险量表共包括危害识别与风险感知、风险暴露可能性、风险后果严重性、关键控制点执行能力以及环境与管理支持5个维度、31个条目。通过3轮探索性因子分析,共提取公因子5个,其累积方差贡献率为64.829%,整体内容效度指数(item-level content validity index,I-CVI)为0.854~1.000,单条目内容效度指数(scale-level CVI/universal agreement,S-CVI/UA)为0.875,平均内容效度指数(sale-content validity index/average,S-CVI/Ave)为0.976。该量表整体的Cronbach’s α系数为0.872,重测信度为0.895。结论 手术室护士血源性职业暴露风险量表具有良好的信效度,能客观评价手术室护士血源性职业暴露风险水平,对手术室护士的职业防护培训、考核及流程优化具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。

关键词: 危害分析与关键控制点理论, 手术室, 护士, 血源性职业暴露风险, 信度, 效度

Abstract:

Objective To develop a bloodborne occupational exposure risk scale for operating room nurses based on the hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) theory and test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the HACCP theory,the item pool of the scale was initially formulated through literature review and semi-structured interviews. The initial scale was developed via Delphi expert consultation,analytic hierarchy process,and pre-survey. From January to December 2024,operating room nurses from two grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province were selected using convenience sampling for item analysis and reliability-validity testing. Results The scale comprised 31 items across 5 dimensions:hazard identification and risk perception,risk exposure possibility,severity of risk consequences,critical control point execution ability,and environmental and management support. Through three rounds of exploratory factor analysis,5 common factors were extracted,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.829%. The overall item-level content validity index(I-CVI) ranged from 0.854 to 1.000,the single-item scale-level CVI/universal agreement(S-CVI/UA) was 0.875,and the scale-content validity index/average(S-CVI/Ave) was 0.976. The scale showed a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.872 and a test-retest reliability of 0.895. Conclusion The bloodborne occupational exposure risk scale for operating room nurses demonstrates good reliability and validity,enabling objective evaluation of their risk levels. It has certain reference and guidance significance for occupational protection training,assessment,and process optimization of operating room nurses.

Key words: Hazard analysis and critical control point theory, Operating room, Nurse, Bloodborne occupational exposure risk, Reliability, Validity

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