职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3029-3035.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于纵向观察研究低剂量二甲基甲酰胺职业暴露对工人肝功能指标的影响

宋欢, 马悦, 丁雪雪, 胡凤霞()   

  1. 苏州市疾病预防控制中心江苏 苏州 215131
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-06 修回日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通信作者: 胡凤霞,E-mail:1628218471@qq.com
  • 作者简介:宋欢,女,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    姑苏卫生人才计划(GSWS2024059)

Investigating the impact of low-dose dimethylformamide occupational exposure on workers' liver function indicators based on longitudinal observation

SONG Huan, MA Yue, DING Xuexue, HU Fengxia()   

  1. Suzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsu 215131, China
  • Received:2025-11-06 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: HU Fengxia,E-mail:1628218471@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解苏州市职业性二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethylformamide,DMF)接害工人慢性肝病及肝功能指标异常检出现况,识别低剂量职业性DMF暴露工人肝功能指标的变化轨迹。方法 纳入2018—2024年苏州市连续参加职业健康检查的DMF接害工人为研究对象,并收集人口学特征和实验室检验等信息。选取2024年1 260例接害工人为研究对象,其中男性1 067例,占84.68%,平均年龄为(39.62±9.73)岁,了解其慢性肝病检出率和肝功能指标异常现况;选取2018—2024年接害工人为研究对象,采用潜在类别增长模型(latent class growth model,LCGM)识别肝功能指标的变化轨迹,并比较不同轨迹组慢性肝病检出差异。结果 共发现慢性肝病32例(2.54%)、肝功能指标异常者690例(54.76%)。女性肝功能损伤程度指标和肝转运/代谢功能指标异常风险分别是男性的0.22倍(OR=0.22,95%CI:0.13~0.36)和0.48倍(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.32~0.71);而女性肝合成功能相关指标异常风险是男性的1.87倍(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.25~2.78)。在2018—2024年DMF接害工人中,识别了各项肝功能指标的不同轨迹组,其中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和谷氨酰转移酶(glutamyl transpeptidase,GGT)高水平上升组中,慢性肝病的检出率显著高于其相应的低水平组(均P<0.05),而在总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBil)、间接胆红素(indirect bilirubin,IBil)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)和白蛋白(Albumin,ALB)的各轨迹组间,慢性肝病的检出率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 苏州市DMF接害工人肝功能指标异常率较高,应进一步加强职业健康防护。长期低剂量DMF职业暴露对肝功能指标偏高的接害工人影响较大,应针对性加强对该部分劳动者的健康监测筛查,以早期发现该人群的职业健康问题。

关键词: 职业暴露, 二甲基甲酰胺, 肝功能, 慢性肝病, 潜类别增长模型, 纵向观察

Abstract:

Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic liver diseases and abnormal liver function indicators among workers occupationally exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) in Suzhou,and identify the trajectories of liver function changes in workers with low-dose DMF exposure. Methods DMF exposed workers who continuously undergoing occupational health examinations in Suzhou from 2018 to 2024 were included as the research subjects,and demographic characteristics and laboratory tests information were collected. Totally 1 260 injured workers in 2024 were selected as the research subjects,including 1 067 males,accounting for 84.68%,with an average age of (39.62±9.73)years. The detection rate of chronic liver disease and the liver function abnormalities were investigated. Latent class growth model(LCGM) was used to analyze the trajectory of liver function indicators of injured workers from 2018 to 2024,and the difference in rate of chronic liver disease between trajectories was compared. Results Chronic liver diseases were detected in 32 cases(2.54%),and abnormal liver function indicators were found in 690 cases(54.76%). The risk of abnormalities in liver injury markers and liver transport/metabolic function indicators in females was 0.22 times(OR=0.22,95%CI:0.13-0.36) and 0.48 times(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.32-0.71) that of males,respectively. In contrast,the risk of abnormalities in liver synthesis function indicators in females was 1.87 times(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.25-2.78) that of males. Among workers exposed to DMF from 2018 to 2024,different trajectories were identified for various liver function indicators. In the high-level increasing trajectories of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and glutamyltranspeptidase(GGT),the rates of chronic liver diseases were significantly higher than those in the corresponding low-level groups(all P<0.05). However,no statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of chronic liver diseases among the trajectories of total bilirubin(TBil),direct bilirubin(DBil),indirect bilirubin(IBil),total protein(TP),and Albumin(ALB)(all P>0.05). Conclusion Workers exposed to DMF in Suzhou exhibit a high rate of abnormal liver function indicators,highlighting the need for enhanced occupational health protection. Long-term low-dose occupational DMF exposure has a more pronounced impact on workers with already elevated liver function indicators. Targeted health monitoring and screening should be strengthened for this subgroup to facilitate early detection of occupational health issues.

Key words: Occupational exposure, Dimethylformamide, Liver function, Chronic liver disease, Latent class growth model, Longitudinal observation

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