职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3112-3116.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2023—2024年大连市百日咳流行特征及密切接触者感染现状

白宇, 韩一楠, 朱琳, 林茜, 杨月   

  1. 大连市疾病预防控制中心辽宁 大连 116031
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 作者简介:白宇,女,主管医师,主要从事疫苗可预防疾病的防控工作。
  • 基金资助:
    大连市医学科学研究计划项目(2311025);大连市疾病预防控制中心预防医学科技攻关计划项目(DLCDC02)

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and the infection circumstances of close contacts in Dalian City from 2023 to 2024

BAI Yu, HAN Yinan, ZHU Lin, LIN Qian, YANG Yue   

  1. Dalian Center for Disease Control and PreventionDalianLiaoning 116031, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-11-18 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20

摘要:

目的 分析2023—2024年大连市百日咳流行特点并评估其密切接触者感染状况,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 收集2023—2024年大连市百日咳报告病例的流行病学个案调查资料及其家庭密切接触者的实验室检测数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2023—2024年大连市百日咳发病率分别为2.95/10万(218例),0.46/10万(35例);流行高峰为7—10月;0~<5、5~<10、10~<15和≥15岁组年均报告发病率分别为30.76/10万、13.42/10万、2.64/10万和0.08/10万;0~<1岁组年均发病率为180.60/10万(122例),其中0~<3、3~<6和6~<12月龄病例占比分别为51.64%、40.16%和8.20%;5~<10岁组完成4剂次含百日咳成分疫苗接种者占比91.95%,0~<3、3~<6和6~<12月龄无免疫史者分别占比96.83%、63.35%和80.00%;病例的百日咳鲍特菌培养、核酸检测、血清PT-IgG抗体检测阳性率分别为10.77%,86.15%,65.38%;家庭密切接触者的百日咳鲍特菌培养、核酸检测阳性率分别为1.14%和31.46%;兄弟姐妹、父母、(外)祖父母和保姆或其他看护亲属核酸检测阳性率分别为50.00%、30.00%、36.36%和25.00%;7株百日咳鲍特菌分离株多位点序列分型均为ST-2型。结论 2023—2024年大连市百日咳发病水平呈下降趋势,提示高流行期后人群免疫水平上升可导致发病率下降,可开展免疫水平变化对发病率影响的研究。建议加快国产破伤风白喉无细胞百日咳联合疫苗的研发应用,同时加强家庭和学校聚集性疫情防控。

关键词: 百日咳, 流行特征, 密切接触者, 感染现状, 聚合酶链式反应, 多位点序列分型

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and infection status of household close contacts in Dalian City from 2023 to 2024,providing a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiological data of confirmed pertussis cases in Dalian from 2023 to 2024 and laboratory test results of their household close contacts were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results From 2023 to 2024,the annual incidence rates of pertussis were 2.95/100 000(218 cases) and 0.46/100 000(35 cases),respectively,with seasonal peaks from July to October. Age-specific incidence rates per 100 000 population were 30.76 for 0-<5 years age groups,13.42 for 5-<10 years age groups,2.64 for 10-<15 years age groups,and 0.08 for ≥15 years age groups. The annual average incidence rate of the 0-<1 years old group was 180.60/100 000(122 cases),of which the cases aged 0-<3,3-<6,and 6-<12 months accounted for 51.64%,40.16% and 8.20%,respectively. 91.95% of the 5-<10 year old group received 4 doses of pertussis containing vaccine,while 96.83%,63.35% and 80.00% of the 0-<3,3-<6 and 6-<12 month old groups had no immunization history,respectively. The positive rates of Bordetella pertussis culture,polymerase chain reaction(PCR) testing,and serum PT-IgG antibody detection in the case were 10.77%,86.15% and 65.38%,respectively. Household contacts showed 1.14% culture-positivity and 31.46% PCR-positivity,with PCR-positivity highest among siblings(50.00%),followed by parents(30.00%),grandparents(36.36%),and caregivers or other nursing relatives(25.00%). All seven Bordetella pertussis isolates were multi locus sequence typing(MLST) ST-2. Conclusion The incidence of pertussis in Dalian from 2023 to 2024 shows a downward trend,suggesting that the increase of the population's immune level after the high epidemic period can lead to the decline of the incidence rate,and the study on the impact of changes in immune level on the incidence rate can be carried out. It is suggested to accelerate the research and application of domestic tetanus,diphtheria and acellular pertussis combined vaccine(Tdap),while strengthening the prevention and control of clustered epidemics in families and schools.

Key words: Pertussis, Epidemic characteristics, Close contact, Infection circumstances, Polymerase chain reaction, Multi locus sequence typing

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