医学生孤独感和焦虑在网络成瘾和注意力缺陷多动障碍倾向间的链式中介作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨医学生网络成瘾和注意力缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD）倾向的关系及影响因素，为网络成瘾或ADHD倾向人群的干预工作提供科学支持。方法于2024年2月采用中文网络成瘾量表（revised Chen internet addiction scale，CIAS-R）、焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale，SAS）、孤独感量表（university of California at Los Angels，UCLA）、成人ADHD自评量表（adult ADHD self-report scale，ASRS）对221名医学生进行问卷调查。结果网络成瘾的有148人，占69.97%；焦虑程度中具有轻度焦虑的为48人，占21.72%，中度焦虑22人，占9.95%，重度焦虑9人，占4.07%，ADHD倾向阳性的有49人，占22.17%。医学生网络成瘾、孤独感、焦虑和ADHD倾向两两之间显著正相关（r=0.209、0.400、0.633、0.491、0.345和0.535，均P<0.01）。网络成瘾程度高的人群更易表现出孤独、焦虑和ADHD症状（t=3.011、5.054、8.887，均P<0.01）；ADHD水平高的人群也更易表现出网络成瘾、孤独和焦虑（t=8.316、5.821和8.677，均P<0.01）。焦虑在医学生网络成瘾和ADHD倾向间起部分中介作用（β=0.089，占16.45%），孤独感和焦虑在医学生网络成瘾与ADHD倾向间构成链式中介作用（β=0.025，占4.62%）。结论通过对医学生横断面研究，深入探讨了孤独感与焦虑在网络成瘾与ADHD倾向间的复杂关系，并验证了其链式中介效应，为理解这一多维心理现象提供了重要的理论依据和实证支持。

关键词: 网络成瘾, 注意力缺陷多动障碍, 孤独感, 焦虑, 医学生

Abstract:

Objective To explore the relationship and influencing factors between Internet addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） tendency among medical students，and to provide scientific support for the intervention of Internet addiction or ADHD tendency population. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 221 medical students in February 2024 using the revised Chen Internet addiction scale（CIAS-R），self-rating anxiety scale（SAS），university of California at Los Angels（UCLA），and adult ADHD self-report scale（ASRS），and the data were analyzed. Results Totally 148（69.97%） students had Internet addiction.In the degree of anxiety，48（21.72%） students had mild anxiety，22（9.95%） students had moderate anxiety，and 9（4.07%） students had severe anxiety. 49 medical students（22.17%） had positive ADHD tendency. There were significant positive correlations between two and two of Internet addiction，loneliness，anxiety and ADHD tendency among medical students（r=0.209，0.400，0.633，0.491，0.345，0.535，all P<0.01）. Individuals with high levels of Internet addiction were more likely to exhibit symptoms of loneliness，anxiety and ADHD（t=3.011，5.054，8.887，all P<0.01）. Similarly，those with high levels of ADHD were also more likely to demonstrate Internet addiction，loneliness，and anxiety（t=8.316，5.821，8.677，all P<0.01）.Anxiety partially mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and ADHD tendencies among medical students（β=0.089，16.45%），and loneliness and anxiety formed a chain mediation between Internet addiction and ADHD tendencies among medical students（β=0.025， 4.62%）. Conclusion Through a cross-sectional study of medical students，the complex relationship between loneliness and anxiety in the relationship between Internet addiction and ADHD tendency was explored in depth and its chain-mediated effect was verified，which provides an important theoretical basis and empirical support for understanding this multidimensional psychological phenomenon.

Key words: Internet addiction, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Loneliness, Anxiety, Medical students

中图分类号:

R181.3

李嘉莹, 余佳雪, 陈金枝, 钟可颖, 孙齐泰, 党彩萍. 医学生孤独感和焦虑在网络成瘾和注意力缺陷多动障碍倾向间的链式中介作用. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(4): 543-548.

LI Jiaying, YU Jiaxue, CHEN Jinzhi, ZHONG Keying, SUN Qitai, DANG Caiping. Mediating chain effect of loneliness and anxiety between Internet addiction and ADHD tendency among medical students. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(4): 543-548.

图/表 6

参考文献 46

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变量	得分（$\bar{x}±s$）	网络成瘾	孤独感	焦虑	ADHD倾向
网络成瘾	62.20±12.95	1.000
孤独感	46.04±6.54	0.209^a	1.000
焦虑	46.05±11.47	0.400^a	0.491^a	1.000
ADHD倾向	29.17±11.06	0.633^a	0.345^a	0.535^a	1.000

变量	得分（$\bar{x}±s$）	网络成瘾	孤独感	焦虑	ADHD倾向
网络成瘾	62.20±12.95	1.000
孤独感	46.04±6.54	0.209^a	1.000
焦虑	46.05±11.47	0.400^a	0.491^a	1.000
ADHD倾向	29.17±11.06	0.633^a	0.345^a	0.535^a	1.000

组别	人数	孤独感	焦虑	ADHD倾向
高网络成瘾组	60	47.28±6.98	52.18±12.37	37.73±10.35
低网络成瘾组	60	43.50±6.78	41.37±11.04	21.00±10.28
t值		3.009	5.054	8.884
P值		0.003	<0.001	<0.001

组别	人数	孤独感	焦虑	ADHD倾向
高网络成瘾组	60	47.28±6.98	52.18±12.37	37.73±10.35
低网络成瘾组	60	43.50±6.78	41.37±11.04	21.00±10.28
t值		3.009	5.054	8.884
P值		0.003	<0.001	<0.001

组别	人数	网络成瘾	孤独感	焦虑
高ADHD倾向组	60	70.78±12.61	48.78±5.73	53.98±11.14
低ADHD倾向组	60	52.18±11.89	42.52±6.05	38.30±8.48
t值		8.316	5.821	8.677
P值		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001