职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 549-553.

• 卫生管理与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市卫生资源配置公平性评价与区域差异性分析

刘一鸣, 张天懿()   

  1. 天津中医药大学管理学院,天津 301617
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 修回日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-13
  • 通信作者: 张天懿,E-mail:zhangtianyi103@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘一鸣,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为卫生事业管理。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市科协重点决策咨询课题(2024022)

Evaluation of fairness in health resource allocation and analysis of regional differences in Tianjin City

LIU Yiming, ZHANG Tianyi()   

  1. School of Management,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China
  • Received:2025-05-18 Revised:2025-05-26 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-13
  • Contact: ZHANG Tianyi,E-mail:zhangtianyi103@163.com

摘要:

目的 探析天津市卫生资源配置的现状及公平性,为天津市十五五卫生资源合理配置提供理论参考。方法 运用基尼系数、洛伦茨曲线和卫生资源集聚度,评估2012—2022年天津市卫生资源配置的公平性;运用空间自相关分析法探索2012—2022年天津市卫生资源在空间上的分布变化特征。结果 天津市卫生资源按人口配置的基尼系数<0.4,按面积和GDP配置的基尼系数均>0.4。市内6区除河东区卫生资源集聚度(health resource agglomeration degree,HRAD)/人口集聚度(population agglomeration degree,PAD)均>1,河东区、远郊五区和滨海新区卫生机构床位数、执业(助理)医师和护士数HRAD/PAD值均<1。2012—2022年天津市各类卫生资源全局莫兰指数大体呈现逐年上升趋势。结论 天津市各类卫生资源配置的差异性较大,配置公平性有待提高,卫生资源空间集聚性逐年加剧。未来在进行卫生资源配置时应充分考虑人口、地理面积和经济的共同影响,关注区域间差异,共享优质卫生资源。

关键词: 卫生资源配置, 公平性, 空间自相关分析

Abstract:

Objective To explore the current situation and fairness of health resource allocation in Tianjin City,provide theoretical reference for the rational allocation of health resources in Tianjin City during the 15th Five Year Plan period. Methods Gini coefficient,Lorenz curve,and health resource agglomeration degree were used to evaluate the fairness of health resource allocation in Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022. The spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the spatial distribution and changes of health resources in Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022. Results The Gini coefficient for the allocation of health resources in Tianjin City based on population was <0.4,while the Gini coefficients for the allocation based on area and GDP were both >0.4. Except for the health resource agglomeration degree(HRAD)/population agglomeration degree(PAD) in Hedong District,all six districts within the city had a HRAD/PAD value >1. The HRAD/PAD values for the number of beds,practicing(assistant) physicians,and nurses in health institutions in Hedong District,the five suburban districts,and the Binhai New Area were all <1. The global Moran index of various health resources in Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022 generally showed an upward trend year by year. Conclusions There are significant differences in the allocation of various health resources in Tianjin City,fairness of health resource allocation needs to be improved,and the trend of spatial agglomeration of health resources is intensifying. When allocating health resources,the joint impact of population,geographical area,and economy should be fully considered,and regional differences should be taken into account to share high-quality health resources.

Key words: Allocation of health resources, Fairness, Spatial autocorrelation analysis

中图分类号: