护士第二受害者的评估工具与支持项目的研究进展

职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 711-715.

护士第二受害者的评估工具与支持项目的研究进展

魏佳¹, 姜飞², 潘春颖¹, 郭腾飞¹, 宋雪莹³, 陈巧灵²()

1.大连大学，辽宁大连 116011
2.大连市第七人民医院，辽宁大连 116023
3.沈阳医学院，辽宁沈阳 110034

收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-05-27 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-10
通信作者: 陈巧灵，E-mail：chenql2008@126.com
作者简介:魏佳，女，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为精神心理护理。
基金资助:
2023年度大连市生命健康领域指导计划项目;大连市医学科学研究计划项目(2211015)

Research progress on the assessment tools and support programs of nurses as second victims

WEI Jia¹, JIANG Fei², PAN Chunying¹, GUO Tengfei¹, SONG Xueying³, CHEN Qiaoling²()

1. Dalian University，Dalian，Liaoning 116011，China
2. Dalian Seventh People's Hospital，Dalian，Liaoning 116023，China
3. Shenyang Medical College，Shenyang，Liaoning 110034，China

Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-05-27 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-10
Contact: CHEN Qiaoling，E-mail：chenql2008@126.com
About author:CHEN Qiaoling，E-mail：chenql2008@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

医疗不良事件不仅会给患者及其家属造成伤害，还会给参与其中的医务人员造成不良影响，使其成为第二受害者，严重影响了护士的生理、心理健康和职业生涯，甚至影响护理团队的稳定性。目前国外对于第二受害者的相关研究较多，国内尚处于起步阶段。本文对护士第二受害者评估工具相关支持项目进行综述，为护理管理者及时识别第二受害者、改善第二受害者综合症并建立有效的支持项目提供参考。

关键词: 护士, 第二受害者, 评估工具, 支持项目, 研究进展

Abstract:

Medical adverse events not only cause harm to patients and their families，but also have a negative impact on the healthcare professionals involved，turning them into secondary victims. This severely affects nurses' physical and mental health，as well as their careers，and can even impact the stability of nursing teams. While there is considerable research on secondary victims abroad，the relevant studies in China are still in their infancy. Therefore，this article reviews the support items related to the nurse secondary victim assessment tool，providing a reference for nursing managers to timely identify secondary victims，improve secondary victim syndrome，and establish effective support programs.

Key words: Nurses, Second victim, Assessment tools, Support programs, Research progress

中图分类号:

R192.6

魏佳, 姜飞, 潘春颖, 郭腾飞, 宋雪莹, 陈巧灵. 护士第二受害者的评估工具与支持项目的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(5): 711-715.

WEI Jia, JIANG Fei, PAN Chunying, GUO Tengfei, SONG Xueying, CHEN Qiaoling. Research progress on the assessment tools and support programs of nurses as second victims. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(5): 711-715.

参考文献 44

[1]	World Health Organization. 10 facts on patient safety[EB/OL].(2019-08-26)[2025-03-07]. https://www.who.int/news-room/photostory/photo-story-detail/10-factson-patient-safety.
[2]	TAN E C H, CHEN D R. Second victim:Malpractice disputes and quality of life among primary care physicians[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2019, 118(2):619-627. DOI URL
[3]	MOK W Q, CHIN G F, YAP S F, et al. A cross-sectional survey on nurses' second victim experience and quality of support resources in singapore[J]. J Nurs Manag, 2020, 28(2):286-293. DOI URL
[4]	BURLISON J D, QUILLIVAN R R, SCOTT S D, et al. The effects of the second victim phenomenon on work-related outcomes:Connecting self-reported caregiver distress to turnover intentions and absenteeism[J]. J Patient Saf, 2021, 17(3):195-199. DOI URL
[5]	孙爽, 施秀英, 王韫晔. 国内外第二受害者研究的现状、热点及趋势——基于citespace的可视化分析[J]. 当代护士(中旬刊), 2024, 31(10):25-32.
[6]	WU A W. Medical error:the second victim.the doctor who makes the mistake needs help too[J]. BMJ, 2000, 320(7237):726-727. DOI URL
[7]	SCOTT S D, HIRSCHINGER L E, COX K R, et al. The natural history of recovery for the healthcare provider "second victim" after adverse patient events[J]. Qual Saf Health Care, 2009, 18(5):325-330. DOI PMID
[8]	VANHAECHT K, SEYS D, RUSSOTTO S, et al. An evidence and consensus-based definition of second victim:A strategic topic in healthcare quality,patient safety,person-centeredness and human resource management[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(24):16869. DOI URL
[9]	李龙田, 沈淑洁, 刘洪秀, 等. 第二受害者的概念分析[J]. 中华护理教育, 2024, 21(7):856-861.
[10]	李姗姗, 卢晓虹, 周丹, 等. 护士第二受害者心理复苏路径的质性研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(2):66-68,81.
[11]	张虹, 黄雪霞, 顾惠凤, 等. 产科护理不良事件对第二受害者心理体验的质性研究[J]. 军事护理, 2023, 40(9):22-25.
[12]	罗朝霞, 顾颖, 邹杨, 等. 护理不良事件后实习护士作为第二受害者心理体验的质性研究[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2023, 38(11):1048-1051.
[13]	翟云霄, 孟婧文, 游兆媛, 等. 护理不良事件中第二受害者心理体验的质性研究[J]. 中国卫生质量管理, 2022, 29(9):21-25.
[14]	吴杰, 高颖, 尹月, 等. 医疗(安全)不良事件中医务人员体验和支持性需求的质性研究[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志, 2021, 27(5):42-45.
[15]	陈娇娇, 郑双江, 杨巧, 等. 患者安全事件中医务人员作为第二受害者身心体验的质性研究[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2019, 36(12):45-48.
[16]	马硕, 徐东娥, 冯勤. 护士作为医疗不良事件中第二受害者体验研究的Meta整合[J]. 中华护理教育, 2020, 17(10):941-948.
[17]	贾亚南, 柴宇霞, 裴理辉, 等. 急诊科护士在不良事件中成为第二受害者心理体验的质性研究[J]. 中国临床护理, 2021, 13(7):416-420. DOI
[18]	黄爽爽, 蒋沙沙, 赵青青. 儿科护理不良事件中第二受害者支持需求的质性研究[J]. 中国乡村医药, 2022, 29(14):67-69.
[19]	谭蓉, 胡德英, 罗凯燕, 等. 基于混合研究视角的住院病人自杀事件中第二受害者体验和支持需求调查[J]. 护理研究, 2020, 34(13):2249-2256.
[20]	张建荣, 黄艳芳, 黄庆萍, 等. 医疗不良事件中第二受害者伤害影响因素的量表设计:19[J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2018, 24(19):3023-3027.
[21]	BURLISON J D, SCOTT S D, BROWNE E K, et al. The second victim experience and support tool:Validation of an organizational resource for assessing second victim effects and the quality of support resources[J]. J Patient Saf, 2017, 13(2):93-102. DOI URL
[22]	TAN R, LUO K, HU D, et al. Inpatient suicide second victim experience and support tool:Psychometric properties of a scale for nurses who experienced inpatient suicide at Chinese general hospitals[J]. Nurs Health Sci, 2020, 22(4):1111-1120. DOI URL
[23]	WINNING A M, MERANDI J, RAUSCH J R, et al. Validation of the second victim experience and support tool-revised in the neonatal intensive care unit[J]. J Patient Saf, 2021, 17(8):531-540. DOI URL
[24]	陈贵儒, 孙慧敏, 黄蓉蓉, 等. 第二受害者经验及支持量表的汉化与信效度评价[J]. 护理学杂志, 2019, 34(14):73-77.
[25]	陈娇娇, 杨巧, 赵庆华, 等. 中文版第二受害者经历与支持测评量表信度效度检验[J]. 中国护理管理, 2019, 19(7):991-995.
[26]	ZHANG X, CHEN J, LEE S-Y. Psychometric testing of the chinese version of second victim experience and support tool[J]. J Patient Saf, 2021, 17(8):e1691-e1696.
[27]	MIRA J J, CARRILLO I, LORENZO S, et al. The aftermath of adverse events in spanish primary care and hospital health professionals[J]. BMC Health Serv Res, 2015,15:151.
[28]	CHOI E Y, PYO J, OCK M, et al. Second victim phenomenon after patient safety incidents among korean nursing students:A cross-sectional study[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2021,107:105115.
[29]	SAVER C. 'Second victim' rapid-response team helps fellow clinicians recover from trauma[J]. OR Manager, 2013, 29(5):10-12,27. PMID
[30]	SCOTT S D, HIRSCHINGER L E, COX K R, et al. Caring for our own:Deploying a systemwide second victim rapid response team[J]. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2010, 36(5):233-240.
[31]	EDREES H, CONNORS C, PAINE L, et al. Implementing the rise second victim support programme at the johns hopkins hospital:A case study[J]. BMJ Open, 2016, 6(9):e011708. DOI URL
[32]	MERANDI J, LIAO N, LEWE D, et al. Deployment of a second victim peer support program:A replication study[J]. Pediatr Qual Saf, 2017, 2(4):e031.
[33]	KRZAN K D, MERANDI J, MORVAY S, et al. Implementation of a second victim program in a pediatric hospital[J]. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2015, 72(7):563-567. DOI URL
[34]	VAN PELT F. Peer support:healthcare professionals supporting each other after adverse medical events[J]. Qual Saf Health Care, 2008, 17(4):249-252. DOI URL
[35]	Medically Induced Trauma Support Services. MITSS Tools: Tools for building a clinician and staff support program[EB/OL].(2002)[2025-03-07]. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/OtherWebsites/MITSS.aspx.
[36]	PRATT S, KENNEY L, SCOTT S D, et al. How to develop a second victim support program:A toolkit for health care organizations[J]. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2012, 38(5):235-240,193.
[37]	MIRA J J, CARRILLO I, GUILABERT M, et al. The second victim phenomenon after a clinical error:The design and evaluation of a website to reduce caregivers' emotional responses after a clinical error[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2017, 19(6):e203. DOI URL
[38]	李洁莉, 潘世华, 陈贵儒, 等. 正念冥想干预对护士第二受害者体验及希望水平的影响[J]. 护理学杂志, 2020, 35(18):1-4.
[39]	周琴, 戴亚琴, 赵文, 等. 对护理不良事件中第二受害者实施正念减压疗法的效果评价[J]. 浙江医学教育, 2020, 19(4):35-37.
[40]	马蕾, 姜艳, 宋庆娜, 等. 三阶段叙事疗法对ICU护士第二受害者经验及支持、睡眠质量的影响[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志, 2022, 28(19):120-123.
[41]	KOEHN A R, EBRIGHT P R, DRAUCKER C B. Nurses' experiences with errors in nursing[J]. Nurs Outlook, 2016, 64(6):566-574. DOI PMID
[42]	邵小莉, 韩琳, 王欣, 等. 护理人员患者安全文化现状的研究[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2021, 21(3):199-202.
[43]	QUILLIVAN R R, BURLISON J D, BROWNE E K, et al. Patient safety culture and the second victim phenomenon:Connecting culture to staff distress in nurses[J]. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2016, 42(8):377-386.
[44]	高志恒, 张晓红, 何芳, 等. 基于奥马哈问题分类系统的第二受害者伤害评价指标构建[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(19):58-62.