职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1168-1173.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东省某市基层公共卫生人员职业紧张现状及影响因素分析

王淑玉1, 阮坛凤2, 陈浩1, 黄奕平1, 刘浩中1   

  1. 1.中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东 中山 528400
    2.中山市第二人民医院,广东 中山 528400
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 修回日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 作者简介:王淑玉,女,主任医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    中山市社会公益与基础研究项目(2021B1107)

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of occupational stress among grassroots public health personnel in a City of Guangdong Province

WANG Shuyu1, RUAN Tanfeng2, CHEN Hao1, HUANG Yiping1, LIU Haozhong1   

  1. 1. Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China
    2. Zhongshan Second People's Hospital,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-08-04 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-05-22

摘要:

目的 评估广东省某市基层公共卫生防控人员职业紧张现状并分析其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法 采用典型抽样法于2022年11月纳入492名基层公共卫生人员,采用工作内容量表和付出回报失衡量表评估工作要求-自主(job demand control model,JDC)和付出-回报失衡(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)2种职业紧张模式。结果 JDC与ERI模型职业紧张检出率分别为79.88%和66.46%。JDC模式职业紧张风险与15~<20年工龄、过去3个月存在传染病暴发防控加班和其他日常工作加班经历、过去3个月存在其他日常工作加班经历、家庭幸福感一般或弱、担心工作中感染均显著正相关(χ2=3.928、7.311、8.328、9.877、4.582,均P<0.05);ERI模式职业紧张风险与中级专业技术职称、岗位加班需求、过去3个月存在其他日常工作加班及生活压力大均显著正相关(χ2=6.651、4.575、5.308、7.760,均P<0.05)。结论 该群体职业紧张以JDC模式和ERI模式并重,职业紧张率较高,前者主要影响因素包括工龄、过去3个月加班情况、家庭幸福感及是否担心工作中感染,后者影响因素包括专业技术职称、岗位加班需求、过去3个月加班情况和生活压力。

关键词: 职业紧张, 公共卫生, 工作要求-自主, 付出-回报失衡, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the current situation of occupational stress among grassroots public health prevention and control personnel in a city in Guangdong Province and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a basis for formulating intervention measures. Methods A typical sampling method was used to recruit 492 grassroots public health workers in November 2022. The job demand control model(JDC) and the effort reward imbalance(ERI) were evaluated using the job content scale and the effort-reward imbalance scale to assess two occupational stress patterns. Results The detection rates of occupational stress based on the JDC and ERI models were 79.88% and 66.46%,respectively. Occupational stress based on the JDC model was significantly associated with 15-<20 working years,overtime work due to infectious disease outbreaks prevention and control and routine tasks over the past 3 months,overtime due to routine tasks over the past 3 months,moderate or weak family well-being,and concerns about workplace infection risks(χ2=3.928,7.311,8.328,9.877,4.582,all P<0.05). For the ERI model,significant risk factors included intermediate professional titles,overtime requirement of the position,overtime work due to routine tasks over the past 3 months,and high life pressure(χ2=6.651,4.575,5.308,7.760,all P<0.05). Conclusion Occupational stresses in this population are influenced by both JDC and ERI models,with a high prevalence of occupational stress. Main influencing factors for the JDC model includes working years,overtime work over the past 3 months,family well-being,and infection concerns at work,while main influencing factors for the ERI model includes professional titles,job-related overtime requirements,overtime work over the past 3 months,and life pressure.

Key words: Occupational stress, Public health, Job demand-control, Effort-reward imbalance, Influencing factors

中图分类号: