铜过载诱导细胞毒性的研究进展

职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 700-705.

铜过载诱导细胞毒性的研究进展

江守山¹^,², 邵波²()

1.山东第一医科大学（山东省医学科学院），山东济南 250117
2.济宁医学院，山东济宁 272002

收稿日期:2025-05-18 修回日期:2025-05-28 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-10
通信作者: 邵波，E-mail：shaobo2016@sina.com
作者简介:江守山，男，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为卫生毒理。
基金资助:
济宁医学院高层次科研项目培育计划

Research progress on copper overload-induced cytotoxicity

JIANG Shoushan¹^,², SHAO Bo²()

1. Shandong First Medical University（Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences），Jinan，Shandong 250117，China
2. Jining Medical University，Jining，Shandong 272002，China

Received:2025-05-18 Revised:2025-05-28 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-10
Contact: SHAO Bo，E-mail：shaobo2016@sina.com
About author:SHAO Bo，E-mail：shaobo2016@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铜是人体必需的微量金属元素，参与能量代谢、抗氧化防御、神经递质合成及铁代谢等多种生理过程，其在细胞内主要作为多种关键酶的辅因子发挥作用。然而，铜浓度必须保持在极低的水平，一旦体内铜稳态失调、出现铜过载，便会引发一系列细胞毒性效应。近年来，随着“铜死亡”这一新型程序性细胞死亡机制的提出，以及氧化应激、DNA损伤、自噬与凋亡等通路的深入研究，铜过载诱导细胞毒性已成为生命科学和临床医学关注的热点。本文从铜的生理作用与稳态调控入手，详细分析了铜过载引起细胞毒性的多种分子机制，综述了其在遗传代谢性疾病、神经退行性疾病、肿瘤等病理过程中所发挥的作用，及目前的干预策略及未来研究方向，旨在为精准调控铜稳态及相关疾病的治疗提供参考依据和新思路。

关键词: 铜稳态, 铜死亡, 活性氧, DNA损伤

Abstract:

Copper is an essential trace element for the human body，involved in numerous physiological processes，such as energy metabolism，antioxidant defense，neurotransmitter synthesis，and iron metabolism，where it mainly functions as a cofactor for various key enzymes. However，copper levels must be kept extremely low，and once copper homeostasis is disrupted and copper overload occurs，a series of cytotoxic effects are induced. In recent years，with the proposal of a novel form of programmed cell death termed "cuproptosis" and advances in understanding pathways including oxidative stress，DNA damage，autophagy，and apoptosis，research on copper overload-induced cytotoxicity has become a hot topic in both life sciences and clinical medicine. This review begins with the physiological roles of copper and its homeostatic regulation，providing a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which copper overload causes cytotoxicity. It reviews the roles of copper in the pathogenesis of genetic metabolic disorders，neurodegenerative diseases，and tumors，and summarizes current intervention strategies as well as future research directions，aiming to offer theoretical support and new insights for the precise regulation of copper homeostasis and the treatment of related diseases.

Key words: Copper homeostasis, Cuproptosis, Reactive oxygen species, DNA damage

中图分类号:

R114

江守山, 邵波. 铜过载诱导细胞毒性的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(5): 700-705.

JIANG Shoushan, SHAO Bo. Research progress on copper overload-induced cytotoxicity. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(5): 700-705.

图/表 3

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