关键词: 中小学生, 超重, 肥胖, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the status quo of overweight and obesity of primary and secondary school students in Shanxi Province and its influencing factors,and to provide basis for government departments to take targeted intervention measures. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct health examinations and questionnaires survey among 125 734 primary and secondary school students in 11 cities in Shanxi Province in 2022. χ² test and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students. Results In 2022,among 125 734 primary and secondary school students in Shanxi Province,the detection rate of overweight was 17.56%,and the detection rate of obesity was 16.57%. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were 19.42% and 20.36%,respectively,which were higher than those in girls（15.70% and 12.77%）（ χ²_overweight=301.207, χ²_obesity=1 309.644,both P<0.01）. The detection rates of overweight and obesity among urban students were 19.37% and 18.32%,respectively,which were higher than those of students in suburban counties（17.06% and 16.08%）（ χ²_overweight=78.682, χ²_obesity=77.778,both P<0.01）. By stage analysis,the detection rate of overweight and obesity in primary school students was the highest（37.72%）,followed by ordinary high school students（33.75%） and vocational high school students（31.42%）,and junior high school students was the lowest（31.03%）（ χ²=484.448,P<0.01）. The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that urban area,not living in school,not getting enough sleep,watching TV 1-<2 hours per day on average in the past week,attending cultural tutoring classes for ≥1 h in the past week,eating ≥3 kinds of fresh fruits per day in the past week,eating vegetables at least once a day for the past week,parents often in order to let students have more time spent doing homework or attending after-school classes while reducing exercise time were both risk factors for overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students（all P<0.05）. Girls,junior high school,vocational high school,able to do ≥60 min of moderate and vigorous exercise per day in the past week high number of days（≥6 day）,few can do ≥60 min of moderate and vigorous exercise per day on weekends or holidays,most can do or all can do ≥60 min of moderate and vigorous exercise per day on weekends or holidays,eat fresh fruit less than once a day for the past week,eat fried food in the past week,eat breakfast frequently in the past week（sometimes eat,daily eating） were protective factors for overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students（all P<0.05）. Conclusion In 2022,the detection rate of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students in Shanxi Province is relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of knowledge related to overweight and obesity,advocate healthy diet and exercise behaviors,and take targeted intervention measures to control the occurrence and development of overweight and obesity in students.

Key words: Primary and middle school students, Overweight, Obesity, Influencing factors