养老护理员心理健康的影响因素及应对策略研究进展

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 1131-1134.

养老护理员心理健康的影响因素及应对策略研究进展

张秀英¹, 李亚妹², 董鹤², 石杨², 马金婵¹

1.甘肃中医药大学护理学院,甘肃兰州 730030;
2.中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四○医院急诊科,甘肃兰州 730050

收稿日期:2022-07-27 修回日期:2022-08-22 发布日期:2026-03-11
通信作者: 李亚妹,副主任护师,E-mail：zhang76630041@163.com
作者简介:张秀英,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为老年心理护理与急诊急救。
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目（21JR11RA012）

Research progress on influencing factors and coping strategies of mental health of elderly care workers

ZHANG Xiu-ying¹, LI Ya-mei², DONG He², SHI Yang², MA Jin-chan¹

1. School of Nursing,Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou Gansu 730030,China;
2. Emergency Department,No. 940 Hospital,Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army,Lanzhou 730050,China

Received:2022-07-27 Revised:2022-08-22 Published:2026-03-11
Contact: LI Ya-mei,Deputy chief nurse,E-mail：zhang76630041@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 养老护理员是养老服务的主要力量,也是养老服务体系的重要保障。由于我国人口老龄化进程的加快及养老护理工作的特殊性,养老护理员面临着多重压力与挑战,对他们的心理造成严重的负担。我们对影响养老护理员心理健康的因素进行综述,主要从人口学和社会学2方面进行分析,并积极推进养老服务吸纳机制、完善人才激励政策、加强人才队伍建设,增加社会的支持和认可度,加强养老护理员规范化、专业化培训及基于网络为养老护理员提供心理支持,为构建完整的养老护理员心理健康体系提供依据,为推动养老事业的稳步发展奠定基础。

关键词: 养老护理员, 焦虑, 抑郁, 影响因素, 心理健康

Abstract: ：The elderly care workers is the main force of pension service,and they are important guarantee of pension service system. Due to the acceleration of the population aging process in China and the particularity of elderly care,the elderly care workers are facing multiple pressures and challenges,causing serious a serious psychological burden on them. The paper summarizes the factors that affect the mental health of the elderly care workers,analyzes the influencing factors mainly from demographic and sociological aspects,so as to actively promote the absorption mechanism of elderly care service,improve the talent incentive policy,strengthen the construction of talent team,increase social support and recognition,strengthen the standardization and professional training of the elderly care workers,provide psychological support for the elderly care workers based on the network,provide basis for the construction of a complete mental health system for the elderly care workers,and lay a foundation for promoting the steady development of the nursing care.

Key words: Elderly care worker, Anxiety, Depression, Influencing factors, Mental health

中图分类号:

R395.6

张秀英, 李亚妹, 董鹤, 石杨, 马金婵. 养老护理员心理健康的影响因素及应对策略研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(8): 1131-1134.

ZHANG Xiu-ying, LI Ya-mei, DONG He, SHI Yang, MA Jin-chan. Research progress on influencing factors and coping strategies of mental health of elderly care workers. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(8): 1131-1134.

参考文献

[1] 王萍萍.人口总量保持增长城镇化水平稳步提升[EB/OL].(2022-01-18)[2022-03-20]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/sjjd/202201/t20220118_1826538.html.
[2] 杜国玮. 我国养老服务机构护理员队伍现状、问题及对策研究[D].北京:中国社会科学院研究生院,2010.
[3] 王咪,林征,周美景,等.基于CiteSpace软件的国内外照顾者心理相关研究现状与趋势对比分析[J].中国医药导报,2021,18(28):168-172.
[4] 张静. 养老护理员心理健康状况调查分析[J].河北医药,2013,35(6):923.
[5] 吴蓉,武江涛,唐琳昭,等.养老护理员心理健康状况影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(2):223-225.
[6] LWI S J,FORD B Q,CASEY J J,et al.Poor caregiver mental health predicts mortality of patients with neurodegenerative disease[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2017,114(28):7319-7324.
[7] 胡杰成. 我国人口老龄化现状、趋势与建议[J].中国经贸导刊,2017(12):59-62.
[8] 郭延通,郝勇.失能与非失能老人社区养老服务需求比较研究——以上海市为例[J].社会保障研究,2016(4):25-33.
[9] PINQUART M,SORENSEN S.Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health:a meta-analysis[J].Psychol Aging,2003,18(2):250-267.
[10] 王婧婷,谭秋玉,黄蓉燕,等.养老机构护理员抑郁现状及相关因素分析[J].解放军护理杂志,2011,28(21):1-4.
[11] 张璐. 养老护理员新国标出台[J].四川劳动保障,2020(1):10.
[12] 徐菊玲,黄三雄,钱秀群,等.高等院校养老护理员培养问题及对策研究[J].护理研究,2020,34(22):4114-4117.
[13] 黄菲,张会君,尹姣.辽宁省养老机构护理人员培训现状及需求[J].中国老年学杂志,2012,32(3):570-573.
[14] PENNING M J,WU Z.Caregiver stress and mental health:Impact of caregiving relationship and gender[J].Gerontologist,2016,56(6):1102-1113.
[15] 付敏红,吴丹.养老机构护理人员的心理压力与应对策略[J].社会福利(理论版),2015(6):14-18.
[16] 陈瑞,荣宁,甘宁,等.浙江省养老机构护理员现状调查及问题分析[J].全科护理,2019,17(33):4113-4117.
[17] 殷志伟.养老机构护理员队伍建设影响因素分析——以苏州市为例[J].兰州教育学院学报,2013,29(10):55-56+59
[18] 谭玉婷,张银华,易霞,等.老年护理员抑郁情绪与离职意愿的相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2018,38(14):3514-3516.
[19] 罗楠. 浅谈养老护理员的薪酬设计[J].经济研究导刊,2019(29):75-77.
[20] 伍宗云,张福顺,李同归.养老机构护理员现状调查[J].社会福利(理论版),2017(7):49-55.
[21] 王婧婷,谭秋玉,黄蓉燕,等.养老机构护理员抑郁现状及相关因素分析[J].解放军护理杂志,2011,28(21):1-4.
[22] 陈传锋,甘宁,林发明,等.养老护理行业的职业偏见与社会歧视[J].湖州师范学院学报,2016,38(10):73-76.
[23] 肖水源. 《社会支持评定量表》的理论基础与研究应用[J].临床精神医学杂志,1994,4(2):98-100.
[24] 欧阳皓华. 养老机构照料者社会支持和护理负担与心理健康的关联性分析[D].南宁:广西大学,2020.
[25] 颜圆圆,吴彬,岳文娇,等.养老机构护理员照护体验与工作现状的质性研究[J].中西医结合护理(中英文),2020,6(8):68-71.
[26] MASLACH C,SCHAUFELI W B,LEITER M P.Job burnout[J].Annu Rev Psychol,2001,52(1):93-97.
[27] 尹亚妮,李新影.养老机构护理人员职业倦怠现状及相关因素分析[J].中国护理管理,2020,20(2):215-221.
[28] 邢娟,李爱夏,柳春波,等.宁波市养老护理员职业倦怠现状及影响因素[J].医学与社会,2018,31(3):69-71.
[29] 李青云,卜子涵,黄安乐,等.养老机构老年人负性情绪现状及干预手段研究进展[J].职业与健康,2020,36(18):2589-2592.
[30] SALVAGIONI D A J,MELANDA F N,MESAS A E,et al.Physical,psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout:A systematic review of prospective studies[J].PLoS One,2017,12(10):e0185781.
[31] 焦娜娜,钟志宏,汪漫江,等.养老机构养老护理员培训现状及需求调查分析[J].中国老年保健医学,2022,20(1):63-66.
[32] 顾桐语,杨春燕,宋红玲,等.南通市养老机构护理员心理健康状况调查分析与对策[J].护士进修杂志,2017,32(20):1867-1870.
[33] 余华,许虹,楼妍,等.美国英国及澳大利亚家庭照顾者支持项目的比较[J].护理学杂志,2019,34(8):93-96.
[34] 王希晨,吕欣桐,周令,等.医养结合视角下养老护理员培训相关研究进展[J].中国护理管理,2016,16(10):1380-1384.
[35] 童立纺,宋延波,霍丹,等.医养结合模式下养老护理员分层培训实践[J].现代医药卫生,2020,36(2):291-293.
[36] 张婷.聚焦急难愁盼谋划养老护理人才队伍高质量发展[N].中国社会报,2022-3-12(4).
[37] LAURITZEN J,PEDERSEN PU,SORENSEN E E,et al.The meaningfulness of participating in support groups for informal caregivers of older adults with dementia:A systematic veview[J].JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep,2013,13(6):373-433.
[38] PLOEG J,ALI M U,MARKLE-REID M,et al.Caregiver-focused,web-based interventions:Systematic review and meta-analysis(Part 2)[J].J Med Internet Res,2018,20(10):e11247.
[39] 李芳英,辛红菊,楼高波,等.基于微信的延续护理对失智患者照顾者心理状况的影响[J].中华全科医学,2017,15(6):1069-1071.
[40] 史瑞洁,刘晓燕,刘喜文,等.平衡模式早期心理干预对养老护理员焦虑和抑郁影响[J].中国职业医学,2021,48(1):65-68.
[41] 范美琴,饶艳,吴文辉,等.聚焦解决模式心理干预对养老护理员职业倦怠及离职意愿的影响[J].浙江医学,2019,41(23):2554-2555, 2565.
[42] ZABIHI S,LEMMEL F K,ORGETA V.Behavioural activation for depression in informal caregivers:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials[J].J Affect Disord 2020,274:1173-1183.
[43] 袁群,屈群芳,何清湖.五行音乐联合八段锦对女性养老护理员职业倦怠及抑郁情绪的干预效果研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报,2021, 41(2):303-306.