焦虑症状对抑郁大学生对情绪面孔注意偏向的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解在是否伴有焦虑症状的情况下,抑郁大学生对情绪面孔的注意偏向特点及其认知机制。方法 2022年1—4月招募78位在读本科生,依据症状自评量表（symptom check list 90,SCL-90）的抑郁和焦虑因子是否为阳性（因子分≥2）分为低焦虑-低抑郁组、低焦虑-高抑郁组和高焦虑-高抑郁组。选取中国面孔情绪系统中的面孔图片,并配对为正性-中性、负性-中性和中性-中性图片对作为刺激材料。采用点探测范式比较各组学生对情绪面孔图片的反应时差异。结果所有被试者在探测点位置与情绪图片不一致条件下的平均反应时长于一致条件下的平均反应时（443.96 vs 437.48 ms）（P<0.05）;高焦虑-高抑郁组对负性面孔图片的注意偏向指数（bias index,BI）为21.39±35.06>0（t=3.11,P<0.01）,注意定向指数（orienting index,OI）与0比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,注意解除困难指数（disengaging index,DI）为15.08±26.87>0（t=2.86,P<0.01）;低焦虑-低抑郁组和低焦虑-高抑郁组对正负性面孔图片的BI、OI和DI与0比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论伴焦虑症状的抑郁大学生对负性刺激存在注意偏向,具体表现为注意解除困难而非注意定向加速;无焦虑症状的抑郁大学生对负性刺激不存在注意偏向;无焦虑抑郁症状的大学生对情绪面孔刺激不存在注意偏向。

关键词: 抑郁, 焦虑, 注意偏向, 情绪面孔, 大学生

Abstract: Objective To understand the characteristics and cognitive mechanism of depressive college students' attention bias towards emotional faces in the presence or absence of anxiety symptoms. Methods A total of 78 undergraduate students who were enrolled from January to April in 2022 were divided into low anxiety-low depression group,low anxiety-high depression group and high anxiety-high depression group according to whether the depression and anxiety factors of symptom check list 90（SCL-90） were positive（factor score≥2）. The face pictures in the Chinese face emotional system were selected and paired into positive-neutral,negative-neutral and neutral-neutral picture pairs as stimulus materials.The point detection paradigm was used to compare the response time differences of each group students to the emotional face images. Results The average reaction time of all subjects when the positions of detection points were inconsistent with the emotional pictures was longer than that under the consistent condition（443.96 vs 437.48 ms）（P<0.05）. The bias index（BI）（21.39±35.06） in the high anxiety-high depression group was more than 0（t=3.11,P<0.01）,the orienting index（OI） was not significantly different from 0（P>0.05）,and the disengaging index（DI）（15.08±26.87） was more than 0（t=2.86,P<0.01）. The BI,OI and DI of positive and negative face images in the low anxiety-low depression group and the low anxiety-high depression group were not significantly different from 0（all P>0.05）. Conclusions Depressed college students with anxiety symptoms have attention bias to negative stimulation,which is manifested as difficulty in attentional relief rather than attentional directed acceleration. The depressed college students without anxiety symptom have not attentional bias to negative stimulation. There was no attentional bias to emotional facial stimulation among college students without anxiety and depression symptoms.

Key words: Depression, Anxiety, Attention bias, Emotional face, College students

中图分类号:

R395.6

李晓乐, 杨子殷, 温煜煊, 范熙. 焦虑症状对抑郁大学生对情绪面孔注意偏向的影响. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(9): 1252-1256.

LI Xiao-le, YANG Zi-yin, WEN Yu-xuan, FAN Xi. Influence of anxiety symptoms on attention bias of depressed college students to emotional faces. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(9): 1252-1256.

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