关键词: 重点行业, 职业病危害因素, 监测分析

Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational disease prevention and control status and hazard factor levels of key industries,and to provide data support for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies in Changsha City. Methods The prevention and control of occupational diseases and active monitoring of employers in key industries in Changsha City in 2022 were collected from the "Monitoring System for Occupational Disease Hazard Factors in Workplaces",and the data was analyzed. Results Among the 546 key industry enterprises monitored,the number of large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 5,38,260 and 243,respectively,small and micro enterprises accounted for 92.13%,27 086 workers were exposed to occupational hazard factors. The training rate of occupational health knowledge,the setting rate of various protective facilities,the issuing rate of anti-virus and anti-noise personal protective equipment,the carrying out rate of occupational health examination and the regular detection rate of occupational disease hazard factors of enterprises in key industries were all lower in small and micro-enterprises（all P<0.05）. Personal protective equipment for dust,poison,and noise prevention were mainly partially worn,accounting for 57.62%,58.84% and 61.50%,respectively.Among various occupational hazard factors,the qualification rate of chemical toxins was higher（all>95%）,while the qualification rate of silicon dust in dust and noise in physical factors were lower,which were 53.70% and 78.60%,respectively. Positions with excessive silicon dust were mainly concentrated in mining,stone processing for construction, other building materials,various glass and product manufacturing,and ceramic product manufacturing industries. Positions with excessive chemical toxins were mainly in chemical raw materials,printing,furniture manufacturing,metal products,general equipment,and automobile manufacturing industries. Industries with severe noise hazards were mining,metal products,general equipment,automobile manufacturing,and non-metallic mineral product industries. Conclusion The disease prevention and control capabilities of key industry enterprises in Changsha City is severe,it is necessary to further strengthen the awareness and ability of occupational disease prevention and control in enterprises,strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of occupational health supervision,focus on strengthening the supervision of hazardous factors such as silica dust and noise in key industries,especially small and micro enterprises. At the same time,extensive publicity and education of science popularization should be carried out to enhance the awareness of active protection of workers,so as to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Key words: Key industries, Occupational hazard factors, Monitoring analysis