2017—2021年重庆市江北区噪声职业病危害特征及趋势分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解2017—2021年重庆市江北区噪声职业病危害现状,分析其发病趋势,为制定有针对性的噪声防治措施提供依据。方法对2017—2021年江北区噪声作业人员职业健康检查和职业性噪声聋患者资料进行描述分析,并用SPSS 软件对职业健康检查资料进行χ²检验和相关分析。结果 2017—2021年江北区接触噪声56 041人次,主要集中在制造业（88.19%）、国有经济（35.82%）、大型企业（48.79%）;共检查噪声在岗作业人员29 897人次,听力损失检出率为6.37%,疑似职业病检出率0.22%,职业病发病率0.15%。男性、年龄50~<60岁,工龄15~<20年的人群听力损失、疑似职业病检出率和职业病发病率最高,随着年龄、工龄的增加检出率有上升趋势（P<0.01）。职业病平均诊断年龄（47.14±6.44）岁,平均接害工龄（10.60±4.56）年;制造业、集体经济、微型企业的听力损失检出率高;租赁和商务服务业、制造业、国有经济和小型企业的疑似职业病检出和职业病发病率相对较高。不同行业、规模和经济类型企业的工人听力损失、疑似职业病检出率和职业病发病率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论江北区的制造业、国有经济和小型私有企业应为噪声重点关注企业,年龄40~<60岁、工龄10年以上的噪声作业人员为重点防控人群。应加强职业卫生监督,规范企业职业卫生管理,加强职业健康检查机构建设,提高职业健康检查率,降低职业病漏报率。

关键词: 噪声, 职业危害, 噪声聋, 趋势分析

Abstract: Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards of noise in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City from 2017 to 2021,analyze its incidence trend,and to provide basis for the development of targeted noise control measures. Methods The data of occupational health examination for noise workers and occupational noise deafness patients in Jiangbei Distric of Chongqing City from 2017 to 2021 were described and analyzed. Chi-square test and correlation analysis of occupational health examination data were carried out by SPSS. Results From 2017 to 2021,56 041 people were exposed to noise in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City,mainly concentrated in manufacturing industry（88.19%）,state-owned economy（35.82%）,and large enterprises（48.79%）. A total of 29 897 noise on-the-job workers were examined,and the detection rate of hearing loss was 6.37%,the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.22%,and the incidence of occupational diseases was 0.15%. Hearing loss,suspected occupational disease detection rate and occupational disease incidence were the highest in males,people aged 50-<60 years and people with 15-<20 years of service. The detection rate increased with increasing age and length of service（both P<0.01）. The average age of occupational disease diagnosis was （47.14±6.44）years,and the average duration of exposure was （10.60±4.56）years. The detection rate of hearing loss was high in manufacturing industry,collective economy and microenterprise. Suspected occupational disease detection and occupational disease incidence were higher in leasing and commercial services,manufacturing industries,state-owned economies,and small enterprises than in other industries. There were significant differences in hearing loss,suspected occupational venereal disease detection rate and occupational disease incidence among workers in different industries,different sizes and economic types of enterprises（all P<0.01）. Conclusions Manufacturing industry,state-owned economy and small private enterprises in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City should be the key focus of noise prevention and control,with noise workers aged 40-<60 and with more than 10 years of work experience as the key population. Jiangbei District of Chongqing City should strengthen occupational health supervision,standardize occupational health management of enterprises,strengthen the construction of occupational health examination institutions,improve the physical examination rate of occupational health examination,and reduce the under-reporting rate of occupational diseases.

Key words: Noise, Occupational hazards, Noise deafness, Trend analysis

中图分类号:

R135.8

魏金玉, 张云霄, 唐萍. 2017—2021年重庆市江北区噪声职业病危害特征及趋势分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(7): 880-884.

WEI Jinyu, ZHANG Yunxiao, TANG Ping. Characteristics and trend analysis of noise occupational disease hazards in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City from 2017 to 2021. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(7): 880-884.

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