天津市银行职工慢性病患病调查及影响因素分析

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (16): 2218-2224.

天津市银行职工慢性病患病调查及影响因素分析

夏春燕^1,2, 谢金丽^1,2, 张予弦², 毕珣³, 姚站馨², 刘颖¹

1.内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010059;
2.军事科学院军事医学研究院环境医学与作业医学研究所军事营养学与食品卫生学研究室,天津 300050;
3.武警特色医学中心体检鉴定科,天津 300000

收稿日期:2022-09-06 修回日期:2023-01-03 发布日期:2026-03-24
通信作者: 姚站馨,副研究员,E-mail：yaozhanxin@126.com;刘颖,教授,E-mail：yingruru@sina.com
作者简介:夏春燕,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为营养流行病学。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（81903307）; 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2019MS08026）; 军队后勤科研项目（BWJ19J003）

Investigation on prevalence of chronic diseases among bank employees in Tianjin and analysis on influencing factors

XIA Chunyan^1,2, XIE Jinli^1,2, ZHANG Yuxian², BI Xun³, YAO Zhanxin², LIU Ying¹

1. School of Public Health,Inner Mongolia Medical University,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010059,China;
2. Department of Military Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Tianjin 300050,China;
3. Department of Physical Examination and Identification,Special Medical Center of Armed Police,Tianjin 300000,China

Received:2022-09-06 Revised:2023-01-03 Published:2026-03-24
Contact: YAO Zhanxin,Associate research fellow,E-mail：yaozhanxin@126.com;LIU Ying,Professor,E-mail：yingruru@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解银行职工慢性病流行现状及影响因素,为慢性病防控提供理论依据。方法 2021年7—12月,采用2阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取天津市6家银行1 736名职工为调查对象。通过问卷调查、体格检查、影像学检查、实验室生化检测了解银行职工慢性病患病现状;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析主要慢性病的影响因素。结果天津市银行职工慢性病患病率为75.75%,患≥2种慢性病共病率为50.58%,慢性病患病率前2位依次为血脂异常（33.64%）、脂肪肝（32.26%）。Logistic回归结果显示,血脂异常患病危险因素为男性、50~60岁、肥胖、抑郁（OR=1.557、2.449、1.992、1.449,均P<0.05）;保护因素为硕士及以上、中等体力活动（OR=0.520、0.742,均P<0.05）。脂肪肝患病危险因素为已婚、超重、肥胖、口味偏咸（OR=1.618、2.373、7.412、1.613,均P<0.05）;保护因素为大专/本科、硕士及以上、中等体力活动（OR=0.479、0.449、0.686,均P<0.05）。结论天津市银行职工慢性病患病以血脂异常和脂肪肝为主;抑郁、口味偏咸、低学历、吸烟导致职工罹患慢性病的风险升高。低体力活动、超重/肥胖为血脂异常及脂肪肝的共同危险因素。应关注职工心理健康问题,倡导低盐饮食,且适当增加体育锻炼,养成良好的生活习惯,预防控制职工慢性病的发生发展。

关键词: 银行职工, 慢性病, 患病率, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases in bank employees and its influencing factors,provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 736 employees of six banks in Tianjin as the research object from July to December 2021.The questionnaire survey,physical examination,imaging examination,and laboratory biochemical index detection were used to understand the prevalence of chronic diseases.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of major chronic diseases. Results The prevalence of chronic diseases was 75.75%,of which 50.58% of bank employees in Tianjin had two or more chronic diseases. The top two in the prevalence of chronic diseases were dyslipidemia（33.64%） and fatty liver（32.26%）. The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for dyslipidemia were male,50-60 years old,obesity and depression（OR=1.557,2.449,1.992,1.449,all P<0.05）,and the protective factors for dyslipidemia were master's degree or above and moderate physical activity（OR=0.520,0.742,both P<0.05）. The risk factors for fatty liver disease were being married,overweight,obese,and salty taste（OR=1.618,2.373,7.412,1.613,all P<0.05）,and the protective factors for fatty liver disease were college or undergraduate education,master's degree or above,and moderate physical activity（OR=0.479,0.449,0.686,all P<0.05）. Conclusions The chronic diseases of bank employees are mainly dyslipidemia and fatty liver in Tianjin. Depression,salty taste,low education,and smoking increase the risk of chronic diseases among bank employees. Low physical activity,overweight/obesity are common risk factors for dyslipidemia and fatty liver. It is necessary to pay attention to the psychological health problems of employees,advocate a low salt diet,appropriately increase physical exercise,develop good living habits,and prevent and control the occurrence and development of chronic diseases among employees.

Key words: Bank employees, Chronic diseases, Prevalence, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R181.3

夏春燕, 谢金丽, 张予弦, 毕珣, 姚站馨, 刘颖. 天津市银行职工慢性病患病调查及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(16): 2218-2224.

XIA Chunyan, XIE Jinli, ZHANG Yuxian, BI Xun, YAO Zhanxin, LIU Ying. Investigation on prevalence of chronic diseases among bank employees in Tianjin and analysis on influencing factors. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(16): 2218-2224.

参考文献

[1] 姚岩,龚秀华,吕芳.2015—2017年襄阳市某单位职工健康体检结果分析[J].河南预防医学杂志,2019,30(1):8-11.
[2] 熊智. 我国慢性病防治面临的挑战与对策[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2019,27(9):720-721.
[3] 王思琦,徐建伟,白雅敏,等.人群减盐干预措施效果研究进展[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2020,28(6):463-466.
[4] 中国高血压防治指南修订委员会,高血压联盟(中国,中华医学会心血管病学分会中国医师协会高血压专业委员会,等.中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)[J].中国心血管杂志,2019,24(1):24-56.
[5] 中华医学会糖尿病学分会.中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2021,13(4):315-409.
[6] 中国成人血脂异常防治指南修订联合委员会.中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)[J].中华全科医师杂志,2017,16(1):15-35.
[7] 中国肥胖问题工作组.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)[J].营养学报,2004(1):1-4.
[8] 中华医学会内分泌学分会.中国高尿酸血症与痛风诊疗指南(2019)[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2020,36(1):1-13.
[9] 孙贵范. 职业卫生与职业医学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:35-40.
[10] MEHTA R S,SONG M,NISHIHARA R,et al.Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer:Analysis by tumor location and molecular subtypes[J].Gastroenterology,2017,152(8):1944-1953.
[11] 符艳,马传仕,刘璞瑜,等.海南省居民血脂异常流行状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国热带医学,2018,18(5):442-448.
[12] 冯祥. 扬中市中老年居民主要慢性病患病现状及其影响因素研究[D].南京:南京医科大学,2020.
[13] 姜昆,赵博,崔荣,等.长期被动吸烟与血糖及血脂关系病例对照研究[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(2):218-221.
[14] 江丽姣,于倩倩,尹文强,等.我国居民慢性病变化趋势分析——基于国家五次卫生服务调查报告[J].中国卫生事业管理,2018,35(11):874-876,880.
[15] 毛君花. 中国慢性病及相关危险因素流行趋势?面临问题及对策[J].健康之友,2021(24):132.
[16] 范艳芳,杨颖,董义敏.中国≥18岁成年居民慢性病患病影响因素meta分析[J].中国公共卫生,2019,35(8):1022-1026.
[17] 吴宝新. 天津市市内六区部分>15岁居民慢性病患病现状及影响因素分析[J].职业与健康,2020,36(11):1570-1572.
[18] DORTLAND A K,VREEBUR S A,GILTAY E J,et al.The impact of stress systems and lifestyle on dyslipidemia and obesity in anxiety and depression[J].Psychoneuroendocrinology,2013,38(2):209-218.
[19] LASSERRE A M,GLAUS J,VANDELEUR C L,et al.Depression with atypical features and increase in obesity,body mass index,waist circumference,and fat mass:A prospective,population-based study[J].JAMA Psychiatry,2014,71(8):880-888.
[20] SERRATS J,GRIGOLEIT J S,ALVAREZ-SALAS E,et al.Pro-inflammatory immune-to-brain signaling is involved in neuroendocrine responses to acute emotional stress[J].Brain Behav Immun,2017,62:53-63.
[21] FENG F,LU S S,HU C Y,et al.Association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and depression[J].J Clin Neurosci,2015,22(8):1232-1238.
[22] 孙谦,周辉,郭丽娜.血脂异常人群ApoE和SLCO1B1基因多态性及相关性研究[J].现代检验医学杂志,2017,32(6):28-31.
[23] 梁苡菲,匡洪宇,秦文,等.中国北方地区2型糖尿病患者摄盐量与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2019,18(10):765-768.
[24] 梁苡菲,匡洪宇.摄盐量与非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关性的研究进展[J].现代医学,2019,47(6):742-745.
[25] 覃颖丽,刘洪俊,向妍,等.民航乘务员体质指数与血脂异常及脂肪肝关系的研究[J].大家健康(下旬版),2017,11(8):31-32.
[26] 周景,周倩,王东平,等.静坐行为和体力活动与血脂异常[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2017,49(3):418-423.
[27] 黄丽丽. 某高校教职工脂肪肝伴血脂异常分析[J].实用临床医学,2014,15(4):37-37,40.
[28] SUN D Q,WU S J,LIU W Y,et al.Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the normal range and NAFLD in the non-obese Chinese population:a cross-sectional and longitudinal study[J].BMJ Open,2016,6:e013781.
[29] SINN D H,GWAK G Y,PARK H N,et al.Ultrasonographically detected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent predictor for identifying patients with insulin resistance in non-obese,non-diabetic middle-aged Asian adults[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2012,107:561-567.
[30] 张梅,吴静,张笑,等.2018年中国成年居民高血压患病与控制状况研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2021,42(10):1780-1789.
[31] 中华医学会糖尿病学分会.中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2021,13(4):315-409.
[32] 赵帅,辛鹏,李静,等.2018年天津市成年居民高血压患病情况及相关影响因素分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2022,30(2):125-128,133.
[33] 李昌昆,郑文龙,辛鹏,等.天津市成年居民血脂异常和糖尿病患病关系研究[J].疾病监测,2020,35(8):706-711.
[34] LIU R,HAN C,WU D,et al.Prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in mainland China from 2000 to 2014:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Biomed Res Int,2015,2015:762820.