职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (20): 2754-2760.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西省某危险废物处理中心职业病危害现状评价

樊立军1, 索婷婷2   

  1. 1.通用环球中铁西安医院职业病科,陕西 西安 710054;
    2.中国铁路西安局集团有限公司西安铁路疾病预防控制所职业卫生科,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-16 修回日期:2023-04-04 发布日期:2026-03-26
  • 通信作者: 索婷婷,主管医师,E-mail:suotingting2006@126.com
  • 作者简介:樊立军,男,主管技师,主要从事理化检验、职业病危害因素检测与评价工作。

Evaluation of occupational hazard status of a hazardous waste treatment and disposal center in Shaanxi Province

FAN Lijun1, SUO Tingting2   

  1. 1. Department of Occupational Diseases,Xi'an Hospital of General Global Railway,Xi'an Shaanxi 710054,China;
    2. Department of Occupational Health,Xi'an Railway Center for Disease Control and Prevention,China Railway Xi'an Bureau Group Limited,Xi'an Shaanxi 710054,China
  • Received:2023-03-16 Revised:2023-04-04 Published:2026-03-26
  • Contact: SUO Tingting,Physician in charge,E-mail:suotingting2006@126.com

摘要: 目的 识别陕西省某危险废物处理处置中心职业病危害因素,分析和评价该项目职业病危害现状,对未达到职业卫生防护要求的单元提出职业病防护补充措施及建议,最大限度降低职业病危害,保护劳动者健康。方法 2021年12月,采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查和检查表法等方法对职业病防护设施防护效果进行综合分析与评价。结果 陕西某危险废物处理处置中心在生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素有水泥粉尘、盐酸、硫酸、氢氧化钠、铬及其化合物、氰化物、砷及其化合物、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、硫化氢、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮、甲醇、丁醇、噪声及工频电场。经检测,粉尘检测4个点,超标率为0;化学物质检测63个点,超标率4.76%;噪声测量6个工种,超标率16.7%;其他危害因素检测结果均符合职业接触限值的要求。结论 危险废物处理处置中心属于职业病危害严重的建设项目,三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和乙酸乙酯是职业病危害的关键控制点。应加强暂存库、物化车间、焚烧车间、固化车间排风及除尘净化职业病防护措施维护与管理,提高职业卫生管理工作水平,切实保障劳动者健康权益。

关键词: 危险废物处理处置, 现状评价, 职业病危害, 职业卫生管理

Abstract: Objective To identify occupational hazard factors in a hazardous waste treatment and disposal center in Shaanxi Province,analyze and evaluate the current situation of occupational hazard factors in the project,and put forward supplementary measures and suggestions for the units that fail to meet the requirements of occupational health protection,so as to minimize the occupational hazard factors and protect the health of workers. Methods In December 2021,the occupational health field investigation,occupational health detection,occupational health examination and checklist method were used for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. Results The occupational hazard factors in the process of production of a hazardous waste treatment and disposal center in Shaanxi were cement dust,hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid,sodium hydroxide,chromium and its compounds,cyanide,arsenic and its compounds,chloroform,carbon tetrachloride,hydrogen sulfide,nitrogen dioxide,carbon monoxide,benzene,toluene,xylene,ethyl acetate,butyl acetate,acetone,methanol,butyl alcohol,noise,and power frequency electric field. The detection results showed that the over standard rate was 0 among four points of dust detection,the over standard rate was 4.76% among 63 points of chemical substances detection,and the over standard rate was 16.7% among six types of job in noise measurement,while the test results of other hazardous factors were in line with the requirements of occupational exposure limits. Conclusions The hazardous waste treatment and disposal center belongs to the construction project with serious occupational hazard,and the critical control points of occupational hazards are chloroform,carbon tetrachloride,and ethyl acetate. It is necessary to strengthen the maintenance and management of occupational disease prevention measures,such as exhaust and dust removal purification in temporary storage warehouse,physical and chemical workshop,incineration workshop,solidification workshop,and improve the level of occupational health management,to safeguard the rights and interests of laborers' health.

Key words: Hazardous waste treatment and disposal, Current situation evaluation, Occupational hazards, Occupational health management

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