恩施土家族自治州部分中小学教师视疲劳者心理健康状况及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解恩施土家族苗族自治州部分中小学教师视疲劳者心理健康状况,探讨视疲劳、职业压力和心理资本对心理健康的影响。方法采用方便抽样法,抽取2020年1月—2022年5月在恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院体检中心进行健康检查中诊断为视疲劳的236名中小学教师作为调查对象,采用视疲劳量表、职业压力量表、心理资本量表和症状自评量表（self-reporting inventory,SCL-90）进行调查分析。结果恩施土家族苗族自治州236名中小学教师视疲劳者视疲劳得分为（118.24±8.46）分,职业压力得分为（156.48±12.34）分,心理资本得分为（88.46±8.32）分,SCL-90得分为（198.28±32.46）分;不同年龄、教龄、学校类型和是否班主任的中小学教师视疲劳者SCL-90得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。中小学教师视疲劳者视疲劳与职业压力和SCL-90均呈正相关（r=0.486、0.528,均P<0.01）,与心理资本呈负相关（r=-0.427,P<0.01）;职业压力与心理资本呈负相关（r=-0.495,P<0.01）;心理资本与SCL-90呈负相关（r=-0.476,P<0.01）。视疲劳、职业压力和心理资本联合解释中小学教师视疲劳者心理健康32.40%的变异。结论恩施土家族苗族自治州视疲劳的中小学教师心理健康水平较低,视疲劳、职业压力和心理资本是心理健康的主要影响因素,降低视疲劳和职业压力水平,提高心理资本水平有利于改善其心理健康水平。

关键词: 中小学教师, 视疲劳, 职业压力, 心理资本, 心理健康, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the mental health status of some primary and secondary school teachers with visual fatigue in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,and explore the effects of visual fatigue,occupational stress and mental capital on mental health. Methods A total of 236 primary and secondary school teachers who were diagnosed as asthenopia in the physical examination center of the central hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January 2020 to October 2022 were selected by convenient sampling method as the survey objects. Visual fatigue scale,occupational stress scale,psychological capital scale and symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） were used to investigate and analyze. Results The visual fatigue score of 236 primary and secondary school teachers in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture were （118.24±8.46）points,occupational stress scores were （156.48±12.34）points,psychological capital scores were （88.46±8.32）points,and SCL-90 scores were （198.28±32.46）points. The differences of SCL-90 scores among primary and secondary school teachers with different age,teaching experience,school type,and whether they were class teachers were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The visual fatigue of primary and secondary school teachers with visual fatigue was positively correlated with occupational stress and SCL-90（r=0.486、0.528,both P<0.01）,and was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.427,P<0.01）.The occupational stress was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.495,P<0.01）,and the psychological capital was negatively correlated with SCL-90（r=-0.476,P<0.01）.Visual fatigue,occupational stress,and psychological capital jointly explained 32.40% of the variation of mental health of primary and secondary school teachers with visual fatigue. Conclusion The mental health level of primary and secondary school teachers with visual fatigue in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is relatively low. Visual fatigue,occupational stress,and psychological capital are the main influencing factors of mental health. Reducing the levels of visual fatigue and occupational stress,and improving the level of psychological capital are conducive to improving their mental health level.

Key words: Primary and secondary school teachers, Visual fatigue, Occupational stress, Psychological capital, Mental health, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R395.6

马芳, 唐娇, 刘欣怡, 覃楠玲. 恩施土家族自治州部分中小学教师视疲劳者心理健康状况及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(22): 3068-3072.

MA Fang, TANG Jiao, LIU Xinyi, QIN Nanling. Analysis on mental health status and influencing factors of some primary and secondary school teachers with visual fatigue in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(22): 3068-3072.

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