不同中医体质男性工人手传振动作业与外周神经损害发生的相关性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解手传振动作业对不同中医体质男性工人外周神经损害发生的影响，为临床实践提供更科学和个性的诊疗方案。方法采用整群抽样的方法，选取2023—2024年在广东省职业病防治院进行职业健康检查的从事手传振动作业的317名男性工人为研究对象。采用中医体质分类量表对其进行调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 317例手传振动作业男性工人平均年龄为（40.63±7.0）岁，平均工龄为（11.81±7.1）年。在各种中医体质分布中，平和质得分最高[（43.1±15.7）分]。不同年龄组气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），其中气虚质得分随着年龄增大而增大。不同工龄组平和质、阳虚质、阴虚质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质和特禀质得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），其中湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质和特禀质得分随工龄增加而增加，而平和质得分随工龄增加而减少。外周神经正常与损害组中平和质和阴虚质得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），其中，阴虚质得分高于正常组，而平和质得分低于正常组。外周神经损害发生率为27.44%。各种中医体质类型中外周神经损害发生率前3位分别为气虚质（18.39%）、阳虚质（16.09%）和气郁质（13.79%）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，平和质和偏颇体质中的湿热质均是手传振动作业男性工人发生外周神经损害的高危体质（均P<0.05）。结论手传振动作业可增加平和质和偏颇体质中的湿热质男性工人发生外周神经损害的风险。

关键词: 中医体质, 外周神经损害, 男性, 手传振动, 职业健康检查

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of hand-transmitted vibration on different traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） constitutions on peripheral nerve damage in male workers，and provide more scientific and personalized diagnosis and treatment plans for clinical practice. Methods A total of 317 male workers with hand-transmitted vibration who underwent occupational health examination in Guangdong Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute from 2023 to 2024 were selected as the study subjects by cluster sampling. The traditional Chinese medicine physique classification scale was used to investigate the subjects，and the data were analyzed. Results The average age was （40.63±7.00）years in 317 male patients with hand-transmitted vibration，and the average length of service was （11.81±7.10）years. In all kinds of TCM constitution distribution， the score of peace quality was the highest[（43.1±15.7）points]. The scores of Qi-deficiency，phlegm-dampness and damp-heat in different age groups were statistically significant（all P<0.05），and the scores of Qi-deficiency increased with the increase of age. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of peace quality，Yang deficiency quality，Yin deficiency quality，damp-heat quality，blood stasis quality，Qi stagnation quality and characteristic quality among different age groups（all P<0.05）. The scores of damp-heat quality， blood stasis quality，Qi stagnation quality and characteristic quality increased with the increase of length of service，while the scores of peace quality decreased with the increase of length of service. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of peace quality and Yin-deficiency between normal and damaged peripheral nerve groups（both P<0.05）. Among them，the score of Yin-deficiency was higher than that of normal group，while the score of peace quality was lower than that of normal group. The incidence of peripheral nerve damage was 27.44%. The top three incidence rates of peripheral nerve damage in various traditional Chinese medicine constitution types were Qi deficiency（18.39%），Yang deficiency（16.09%） and Qi stagnation（13.79%）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that peace quality and damp-heat quality in biased constitution were the high-risk constitution for peripheral nerve damage in male workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The hand-transmitted vibration work can increase the risk of peripheral nerve damage in male workers with peace quality and damp-heat quality in biased constitution.

Key words: Traditional Chinese medicine constitution, Peripheral nerve damage, Male, Hand-transmitted vibration, Occupational health examination

中图分类号:

R181.31

陈思枝, 张丹英, 刘庆凤, 陈丽琨. 不同中医体质男性工人手传振动作业与外周神经损害发生的相关性分析. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(7): 887-891.

CHEN Sizhi, ZHANG Danying, LIU Qingfeng, CHEN Likun. Amalysis on correlation between hand-transmitted vibration operation of male workers with different traditional Chinese medicine constitution and peripheral nerve damage. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(7): 887-891.

图/表 3

参考文献 21

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项目	人数	平和质	气虚质	阳虚质	阴虚质	痰湿质	湿热质	血瘀质	气郁质	特禀质
年龄（岁）
20~<30	40	44.2±18.1	26.7±15.3	33.2±18.5	22.8±14.5	22.8±15.1	31.0±12.7	27.1±15.9	27.5±15.4	25.2±15.5
30~<40	136	42.3±15.5	36.4±18.6	36.2±18.5	28.4±15.8	31.6±18.0	38.0±19.6	29.9±18.1	31.9±18.2	29.5±18.6
≥40	141	43.5±15.6	36.7±18.8	35.0±18.8	24.4±15.3	27.6±14.6	33.9±17.5	29.5±17.2	28.9±16.4	27.0±15.8
F值		0.597	5.337	0.631	2.366	8.258	5.177	0.475	2.921	2.332
P值		0.550	0.005	0.532	0.095	<0.001	0.006	0.622	0.055	0.098
工龄（年）
1~<10	133	44.1±15.1	35.6±17.7	38.4±19.4	28.4±15.9	29.2±18.2	33.4±16.7	29.1±19.1	27.8±17.2	26.6±17.1
10~<20	133	43.5±17.0	37.2±21.1	31.2±17.2	25.4±15.2	28.0±14.9	34.8±18.6	28.3±15.6	30.5±17.4	27.6±16.9
≥20	51	39.2±13.0	33.9±13.6	38.4±18.8	29.3±14.7	30.2±13.2	41.4±19.9	34.1±17.1	34.0±15.1	31.2±15.7
F值		4.285	1.451	13.503	4.066	0.878	8.424	4.892	5.993	3.120
P值		0.014	0.235	<0.001	0.018	0.416	<0.001	0.008	0.003	0.045
神经肌电图
正常	230	46.0±15.4	35.2±17.6	34.5±18.4	25.9±16.0	28.4±17.3	36.0±18.3	29.6±17.6	29.8±17.6	27.6±16.4
异常	87	36.5±14.5	38.0±20.7	37.5±19.2	30.5±13.8	30.0±12.9	33.7±17.9	29.4±17.2	30.3±16.0	28.4±18.0
t值		14.979	-1.203	-1.280	2.368	0.784	1.004	0.091	0.231	0.377
P值		<0.001	0.132	0.144	0.001	0.243	0.229	0.680	0.924	0.479
合计^a	317	43.1±15.7	36.0±18.7	35.4±18.7	27.3±15.5	28.9±16.1	35.2±18.2	29.5±17.5	29.9±17.1	27.8±16.9

项目	人数	平和质	气虚质	阳虚质	阴虚质	痰湿质	湿热质	血瘀质	气郁质	特禀质
年龄（岁）
20~<30	40	44.2±18.1	26.7±15.3	33.2±18.5	22.8±14.5	22.8±15.1	31.0±12.7	27.1±15.9	27.5±15.4	25.2±15.5
30~<40	136	42.3±15.5	36.4±18.6	36.2±18.5	28.4±15.8	31.6±18.0	38.0±19.6	29.9±18.1	31.9±18.2	29.5±18.6
≥40	141	43.5±15.6	36.7±18.8	35.0±18.8	24.4±15.3	27.6±14.6	33.9±17.5	29.5±17.2	28.9±16.4	27.0±15.8
F值		0.597	5.337	0.631	2.366	8.258	5.177	0.475	2.921	2.332
P值		0.550	0.005	0.532	0.095	<0.001	0.006	0.622	0.055	0.098
工龄（年）
1~<10	133	44.1±15.1	35.6±17.7	38.4±19.4	28.4±15.9	29.2±18.2	33.4±16.7	29.1±19.1	27.8±17.2	26.6±17.1
10~<20	133	43.5±17.0	37.2±21.1	31.2±17.2	25.4±15.2	28.0±14.9	34.8±18.6	28.3±15.6	30.5±17.4	27.6±16.9
≥20	51	39.2±13.0	33.9±13.6	38.4±18.8	29.3±14.7	30.2±13.2	41.4±19.9	34.1±17.1	34.0±15.1	31.2±15.7
F值		4.285	1.451	13.503	4.066	0.878	8.424	4.892	5.993	3.120
P值		0.014	0.235	<0.001	0.018	0.416	<0.001	0.008	0.003	0.045
神经肌电图
正常	230	46.0±15.4	35.2±17.6	34.5±18.4	25.9±16.0	28.4±17.3	36.0±18.3	29.6±17.6	29.8±17.6	27.6±16.4
异常	87	36.5±14.5	38.0±20.7	37.5±19.2	30.5±13.8	30.0±12.9	33.7±17.9	29.4±17.2	30.3±16.0	28.4±18.0
t值		14.979	-1.203	-1.280	2.368	0.784	1.004	0.091	0.231	0.377
P值		<0.001	0.132	0.144	0.001	0.243	0.229	0.680	0.924	0.479
合计^a	317	43.1±15.7	36.0±18.7	35.4±18.7	27.3±15.5	28.9±16.1	35.2±18.2	29.5±17.5	29.9±17.1	27.8±16.9

项目	β值	s_x	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
中医体质类型
平和质	2.240	0.584	14.707	<0.001	9.397	2.990~29.530
气虚质	0.151	0.543	0.077	0.781	1.163	0.401~3.368
阳虚质	0.665	0.528	1.590	0.207	1.945	0.692~5.472
阴虚质	0.708	0.645	1.204	0.272	2.030	0.573~7.188
痰湿质	0.765	0.675	1.287	0.257	2.150	0.573~8.065
湿热质	1.339	0.577	5.390	0.020	3.814	1.232~11.808
血瘀质	0.319	0.612	0.272	0.602	1.376	0.415~4.567
气郁质	0.333	0.556	0.360	0.549	1.396	0.470~4.147
工龄（年）			2.431	0.488
0~<10	0.584	1.477	0.157	0.692	1.794	0.099~32.410
10~<20	0.132	0.402	0.109	0.742	1.142	0.519~2.510
≥20	0.524	0.411	1.627	0.202	1.689	0.755~3.778
常数	-6.939	3.200	4.702	0.030	0.001

项目	β值	s_x	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
中医体质类型
平和质	2.240	0.584	14.707	<0.001	9.397	2.990~29.530
气虚质	0.151	0.543	0.077	0.781	1.163	0.401~3.368
阳虚质	0.665	0.528	1.590	0.207	1.945	0.692~5.472
阴虚质	0.708	0.645	1.204	0.272	2.030	0.573~7.188
痰湿质	0.765	0.675	1.287	0.257	2.150	0.573~8.065
湿热质	1.339	0.577	5.390	0.020	3.814	1.232~11.808
血瘀质	0.319	0.612	0.272	0.602	1.376	0.415~4.567
气郁质	0.333	0.556	0.360	0.549	1.396	0.470~4.147
工龄（年）			2.431	0.488
0~<10	0.584	1.477	0.157	0.692	1.794	0.099~32.410
10~<20	0.132	0.402	0.109	0.742	1.142	0.519~2.510
≥20	0.524	0.411	1.627	0.202	1.689	0.755~3.778
常数	-6.939	3.200	4.702	0.030	0.001