职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 881-886.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东省三级公立医院全科专业住院医师规范化培训学员付出回报失衡和职业倦怠的关系分析

王豪1,2, 崔楠3, 陈祥华3()   

  1. 1 青岛大学青岛医学院山东 青岛 266071
    2 青岛市市立医院山东 青岛 266071
    3 青岛大学附属医院山东 青岛 266003
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-06-13 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 陈祥华,E-mail:chenxianghua@qdu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王豪,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为医学教育管理与医院战略管理。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省社会科学规划重大项目(21AWTJ08)

Analysis on the association between effort-reward imbalance and job burnout among standardized training students of general practice residents in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province

WANG Hao1,2, CUI Nan3, CHEN Xianghua3()   

  1. 1 Qingdao Medical CollegeQingdao University,QingdaoShandong 266071, China
    2 Qingdao Municipal Hospital(Group)QingdaoShandong 266071, China
    3 The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266003, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-06-13 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-05-14

摘要:

目的 分析山东省三级公立医院全科住院医师规范化培训学员的付出-回报失衡及职业倦怠情况,探讨两者的关系,为改善全科住培学员职业倦怠等消极因素提供参考。方法 2024年7—8月,基于职业倦怠通用量表(Maslach burnout inventory-general survey,MBI-GS)和付出-回报失衡量表(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)设计问卷,以山东省35家国家级住培基地的519名全科住培学员为研究样本,分析其付出-回报失衡及职业倦怠现状,并运用分层回归分析方法研究付出-回报失衡对职业倦怠的影响。结果 全科住培学员职业倦怠总得分为(2.09±1.17)分,处于中等水平,其中年龄、婚姻状况、培训年份、培训身份及工作时长均是影响全科住培学员职业倦怠的重要因素(均P<0.05)。全科住培学员职业倦怠发生率较高(68.4%),其中,有33.5%的学员存在付出-回报失衡状态,有39.4%的学员存在高负荷状态。全科住培学员在处于付出-回报失衡状态下的职业倦怠总得分明显高于处在付出-回报平衡的状态之下(t=-9.853,P<0.01),处于高负荷状态下的职业倦怠总得分明显高于处于正常负荷或低负荷状态之下(t=-6.227,P<0.01)。分层回归分析结果显示,付出-回报失衡与超负荷程度均是预测全科住培学员职业倦怠程度高低的重要因素,且关系均呈正向趋势(β=0.329、0.083,均P<0.05)。结论 山东省三级公立医院全科住培学员职业倦怠及付出-回报失衡现象较为普遍,付出-回报失衡是全科住培学员职业倦怠的高危因素。建议进一步加强对全科住培学员知识技能的传授,增强责任导师的关心程度,通过心理咨询和工作量减负等措施提高其工作回报率,减缓职业倦怠的发生。

关键词: 住院医师规范化培训学员, 全科, 付出-回报失衡, 职业倦怠, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the effort-reward imbalance and burnout of general practice residency training trainees(GPRT trainees) in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province,and to explore the relationship between the them,to provide a reference for improving negative factors such as burnout in GPRT trainees. Methods From July to August 2024,a questionnaire was designed based on the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey(MBI-GS) and the effort-reward imbalance(ERI). A total of 519 GPRT trainees from 35 national level residential training bases in Shandong Province were selected as the research sample to analyze their current status of effort-reward imbalance and professional burnout. Stratified regression analysis was used to study the impact of effort-reward imbalance on burnout. Results The total score of the burnout for GPRT trainees was (2.09±1.17)points, which was at a moderate level. Age,marital status,year of training,training status and working hours were significant factors affecting burnout among GPRT trainees(all P<0.05). The incidence of burnout among GPRT trainees was as high as 68.4%. Among them,33.5% of trainees had a effort-reward imbalance and 39.4% had a high load. The total burnout score of GPRT trainees in the state of effort-reward imbalance was significantly higher than that in the state of effort-reward equilibrium(t=-9.853,P<0.01),and the total burnout score in the state of high load was significantly higher than that in the state of normal load or low load(t=-6.227, P<0.01). The results of stratified regression analysis concluded that the effort-reward imbalance and the degree of overload were significant predictors of the level of burnout among GPRT trainees,and the relationships showed positive trends(β=0.329,0.083,both P<0.05). Conclusion Burnout and effort-reward imbalance are more common among GPRT trainees in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province,and effort-reward imbalance is a high-risk factor for burnout among GPRT trainees. It is recommended to further strengthen the transfer of knowledge and skills to GPRT trainees,enhance the level of concern of responsible mentors,and improve their work return through psychological counseling and workload reduction to slow down the occurrence of burnout.

Key words: Residency training trainees, General practice, Effort-reward imbalance, Job burnout, Influencing factors

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