职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 927-932.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2024年重庆市南岸区食源性疾病监测结果分析

杨思昱, 张敏, 袁玲燕()   

  1. 重庆市南岸区疾病预防控制中心重庆 400066
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-07-31 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 袁玲燕,E-mail:532341123@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨思昱,女,医师,主要从事食品营养工作。

Analysis of foodborne disease surveillance results in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024

YANG Siyu, ZHANG Min, YUAN Lingyan()   

  1. Chongqing Nan'an District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqing 400066, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-07-31 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-05-14

摘要:

目的 分析2020—2024年重庆市南岸区食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为制定食源性疾病防控策略提供参考。方法 收集2020—2024年重庆市南岸区23家监测哨点医院上报的食源性疾病病例数据,随机采集部分腹泻病例的生物标本进行病原学检测,并对监测数据进行分析。结果 2020—2024年重庆市南岸区共上报食源性疾病病例6 815例,发病率逐年升高,分别为 6.93、9.09、11.47、13.60和15.32 人次/万人年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。食源性疾病发病高峰在夏秋季,主要为女性发病(54.54%),发病年龄集中在25~<35岁(18.33%),发病职业主要包括家务及待业人群(18.06%)、学生(15.77%),报告病例现住址集中在天文街道、弹子石街道和鸡冠石镇。可疑暴露食品分布显示,肉与肉制品占比最多(27.26%),部分食品种类具有季度差异(P<0.05),进食场所以家庭为主(36.98%)。共检测1 064例腹泻病例标本,检出病原体75例,检出率为7.05%。诺如病毒检出率为67.10%,沙门菌检出率为26.32%,致泻大肠埃希菌检出率为6.58%。诺如病毒集中在第三、四季度检出,沙门菌在第二季度检出率最高,致泻大肠埃希菌仅在第三季度检出。结论 2020—2024年重庆市南岸区食源性疾病高发群体为家务及待业、学生人群,发病呈现明显的季节性和年龄分布,主要致病菌为诺如病毒和沙门菌。建议在高风险季节和人群适时开展专项监测,加强对食源性病原体的监测,降低食源性疾病发生风险。

关键词: 食品安全, 食源性疾病, 发病率, 病原学, 流行特征, 重庆市

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024,and provide reference for developing prevention and control strategies of foodborne disease. Methods Data on foodborne disease cases reported by 23 sentinel hospitals in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024 were collected. Clinical specimens were randomly collected from selected diarrheal cases for pathogenic testing,and the monitoring data were analyzed. Results A total of 6 815 foodborne disease cases were reported in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024,with annual incidence rates of 6.93,9.09,11.47,13.60,and 15.32 per 10 000 person-years,respectively,showing a statistically significant upward trend(P<0.01). The incidence peaked in summer and autumn. Females accounted for 54.54% of cases. The highest incidence occurred in individuals aged 25-<35 years(18.33%),and high-risk occupations included homemakers/unemployed individuals(18.06%) and students(15.77%). Most cases were clustered in Tianwen Subdistrict,Danzishi Subdistrict,and Jiguanshi Town. The distribution of suspected exposed food showed that meat and meat products were the most common suspected food exposures(27.26%),with certain food categories showing seasonal variations(P<0.05). Home-prepared foods accounted for 36.98% of exposures. Pathogens were detected in 75 of 1 064 specimens(7.05%),including norovirus(67.10% of detection rate),Salmonella(26.32%),and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(6.58%). Norovirus was predominantly detected in the third and fourth quarters,Salmonella peaked in the second quarter,and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was only detected in the third quarter. Conclusion The high-risk populations for foodborne diseases in Nan'an District of Chongqing City are homemakers/unemployed individuals and students,with distinct seasonal and age-specific patterns. The primary pathogens are norovirus and Salmonella. It is recommended to carry out special monitoring in high-risk seasons and populations,strengthen the monitoring of foodborne pathogens,and reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.

Key words: Food safety, Foodborne diseases, Incidence rate, Etiology, Epidemiological characteristics, Chongqing City

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