职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 921-926.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌定量风险评估

赵静1,2, 罗莎1,2, 刘佳琳1,2, 范莉莉1,2, 赵帅1,2, 马洁1,2()   

  1. 1 天津市疾病预防控制中心天津 300011
    2 国家卫生健康委食品安全风险评估与标准研制特色实验室(食品添加剂)天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 马洁,E-mail:majie605@163.com
  • 作者简介:赵静,女,医师,主要从事食品安全风险监测与评估工作。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市科技计划项目(XM202400129);天津市医学重点学科建设资助(TJYXZDXK-3-034C)

Quantitative risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp in Tianjin City

ZHAO Jing1,2, LUO Sha1,2, LIU Jialin1,2, FAN Lili1,2, ZHAO Shuai1,2, MA Jie1,2()   

  1. 1 Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
    2 NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard DevelopmentTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2025-10-29 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-05-14

摘要:

目的 评估天津市居民通过淡水虾暴露副溶血性弧菌的健康风险,了解需优先控制的关键风险因素,为食源性疾病防控和风险管理提供依据。方法 以2024年天津市养殖环节淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌风险监测数据和居民淡水虾消费量及消费行为数据为基础,按照风险评估步骤,参考科学文献、报告中的相关参数,采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,分析淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌从“养殖到餐桌”全过程的水平变化,定量评估天津市居民通过淡水虾暴露于副溶血性弧菌的水平和健康风险。结果 2024年天津市养殖环节淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌检出率为51.06%,污染浓度均值为1.04 log MPN/g。天津市居民每餐淡水虾中位消费量为112.50 g,各年龄组居民淡水虾消费量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。天津市居民每年因食用被副溶血性弧菌污染的淡水虾而发生食源性疾病的平均风险为1.949×10-5,预期的可能发病人数均值为266例。敏感性分析显示,养殖环节淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌初始浓度(rs=0.785)、居民淡水虾消费量(rs=0.373)、生食比例(rs=0.216)及加热不充分比例(rs=0.189)是影响其发病风险的主要因素。结论 天津市淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌污染引起食源性疾病发病的风险属于可接受范围,控制养殖环节淡水虾中副溶血性弧菌初始浓度、改善居民消费行为模式(居民消费量比例适当、减少生食比例及加热不充分比例)是减少健康风险的关键。

关键词: 淡水虾, 副溶血性弧菌, 定量风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To assess the health risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus exposure to freshwater shrimp by residents in Tianjin City,identify key risk factors for priority control,and provide a basis for foodborne disease prevention and control and risk management. Methods Based on the risk monitoring data of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp from the aquaculture sector in Tianjin City in 2024,as well as the consumption volume and behavior data of residents regarding freshwater shrimp,this study followed the risk assessment steps,referenced relevant parameters from scientific literature and reports,and employed the Monte Carlo simulation method to analyze the growth and changes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp throughout the entire process from "aquaculture to dining table",and quantitatively evaluate the level of exposure of Tianjin residents to Vibrio parahaemolyticus through freshwater shrimp and the associated health risks. Results The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp farming in Tianjin City during 2024 reached 51.06%,with an average contamination level of 1.04 log MPN/g. The median per meal consumption of freshwater shrimp among Tianjin residents was 112.50 g,and the difference in consumption across different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.01). Mean value of probability of foodborne diseases caused by consumption of freshwater shrimp contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Tianjin City was 1.949×10-5,and the expected number of cases was 266. Sensitivity analysis showed that the initial concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp(rs=0.785),residents' consumption of freshwater shrimp(rs=0.373),the proportion of raw food(rs=0.216) and inadequate heating(rs=0.189) were the main factors affecting the risk of disease. Conclusion The risk of foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in freshwater shrimp in Tianjin City is acceptable. Controlling the initial concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp in aquaculture and improving residents' consumption behavior(appropriate proportion of residents' consumption, reducing the proportion of raw food and inadequate heating) are the key to reducing health risks.

Key words: Freshwater shrimp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Quantitative risk assessment

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