职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1045-1049.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于结构方程模型的门诊护士及导医职业倦怠模型研究

张梦1, 刘岩1, 赵海涛1, 王琦琦2, 杨华丽1()   

  1. 1 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院北京 100035
    2 中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-02 修回日期:2026-02-20 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通信作者: 杨华丽,E-mail:jstyhl@163.com
  • 作者简介:张梦,女,卫管研究实习员,主要从事门诊质控管理工作。
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院院级管理创新基金(GL202501)

Research on job burnout models of outpatient nurses and medical guides based on structural equation model

ZHANG Meng1, LIU Yan1, ZHAO Haitao1, WANG Qiqi2, YANG Huali1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Jishuitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100035, China
    2 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine)Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2026-02-02 Revised:2026-02-20 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-05-18
  • Contact: YANG Huali,E-mail:jstyhl@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解门诊护士及导医的职业倦怠情况,以及社会支持和焦虑情况与职业倦怠的关系,为制定针对性的干预措施提供理论依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,以2024年7—8月在岗的180名门诊护士及导医为调查对象,采用马氏职业倦怠量表(Maslach burnout inventory,MBI)、焦虑自评量表和社会支持评定量表分别对职业倦怠、社会支持、焦虑状况进行调查。运用结构方程模型,分析三者之间的路径关系。结果 门诊护士及导医的职业倦怠得分中,情绪耗竭得分为2.00(1.20,3.50)分,为中度倦怠;去人格化得分为1.50(0.50,3.00)分,低个人成就感得分为1.67(0.25,3.00)分,为低度倦怠。社会支持评定得分为39.00(33.00,45.00)分,焦虑自评得分为48.00(37.00,56.00)分,42.22%的调查对象检出焦虑风险。社会支持对焦虑的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.581,P<0.01);焦虑对职业倦怠的正向预测作用显著(β=0.797,P<0.01);社会支持通过焦虑中介对职业倦怠产生显著负向影响(β=-0.365,95%CI:-0.558~-0.243)。结论 门诊护士及导医职业倦怠的主要原因是情绪耗竭,其获得的社会支持与焦虑风险成反比,社会支持主要通过焦虑的中介作用,间接地影响职业倦怠。通过建立"轻投诉"三级分流解决体系以及定期培训,帮助工作人员提高专业技能和处理医患关系的能力,增强应对复杂门诊工作情景的能力,提升医疗服务质量和工作效率。

关键词: 职业倦怠, 社会支持, 焦虑, 结构方程模型, 门诊护士, 导医

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the level of job burnout among outpatient nurses,and to explore the relationship between job burnout,social support,and anxiety,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted intervention measures. Methods From July to August 2024,a cluster sampling method was used to recruit 180 outpatient nurses and medical guides on duty. The Maslach burnout inventory(MBI),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and social support rating scale(SSRS) were used to assess job burnout,anxiety,and social support,respectively. Structural equation modeling was applied to explore the pathway relationships among these three factors. Results Among the outpatient nurses and medical guides,the emotional exhaustion score was 2.00(1.20,3.50)points,indicating moderate burnout. The depersonalization score was 1.50(0.50,3.00)points,and the reduced personal accomplishment score was 1.67(0.25,5.00)points,both indicating mild burnout. The score for social support was 39.00(33.00,45.0)points,and the score for anxiety self-assessment was 48.00(37.00,56.00) points,with 42.22% of the respondents identified as having anxiety risk. Social support had a significant negative predictive effect on anxiety(β=-0.581,P<0.01). Anxiety had a significant positive predictive effect on job burnout(β=0.797,P<0.01). Social support exerted a significant negative indirect effect on job burnout through the mediating role of anxiety(β=-0.365,95%CI:-0.558--0.243). Conclusion Emotional exhaustion is the main contributor to job burnout among outpatient nurses and medical guides. Social support is inversely related to anxiety risk,and its effect on job burnout is primarily indirect,mediated by anxiety. Establishing a three-tiered "light complaint" resolution system and providing regular training can help staff improve professional skills and the ability to manage doctor-patient relationships,thereby enhancing their capacity to cope with complex outpatient situations and improving the quality of medical services and work efficiency.

Key words: Job burnout, Social support, Anxiety, Structural equation model, Outpatient nurses, Medical guides

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