虚拟光照对情绪及认知影响的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在封闭作业环境中，作业人员长时间处于缺乏自然光的空间里，光照条件单一且强度不足容易导致昼夜节律紊乱、情绪低落、警觉性下降以及认知功能受损等问题。视网膜中的内在光敏感性神经节细胞（intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells，ipRGCs）能够感知环境光照信息，产生非视觉效应，调节人体的生物钟、情绪和认知状态。随着虚拟现实（virtual reality，VR）技术的发展，光照与VR的结合产生了虚拟光照环境。在虚拟光照环境中可以精确的控制照明参数，创造出与真实照明场景一致的具有强烈临场感的光照环境，提供与自然光相似的生理效应。适当的虚拟光照能够显著改善体验者的情绪状态、提升警觉性并促进认知表现，可为长期封闭环境作业人员提供健康干预手段。本文综述了封闭环境对情绪与认知的负面影响、光照非视觉效应的作用通路、虚拟光照的概述、虚拟光照的研究现状、虚拟光照的应用前景，为进一步研究光与虚拟现实技术结合的相关研究提供新的视角和启发。

关键词: 封闭环境, 光照, 虚拟光照, 非视觉效应, 虚拟现实, 情绪, 认知, 研究进展

Abstract:

In closed work environments，personnel who spend extended periods in spaces lacking natural light are exposed to monotonous and insufficient illumination，which can easily lead to circadian rhythm disruption，low mood，reduced alertness，and impaired cognitive function. The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells（ipRGCs） in the retina can detect environmental lighting information，generate non visual effects，and regulate the body's biological clock，mood，and cognitive state. With the development of virtual reality（VR） technology，the integration of lighting and VR creates virtual lighting environments. In such virtual lighting environments，illumination parameters can be precisely controlled to recreate lighting scenes that are consistent with real world settings and provide a strong sense of presence，delivering physiological effects similar to those of natural light. Appropriate virtual lighting can significantly improve users' emotional state，enhance alertness，and promote cognitive performance，offering a health intervention solution for personnel working in long term closed environments.This paper reviews the negative impact of enclosed environments on emotions and cognition，the pathways of non-visual effects of lighting，the overview of virtual lighting，and the application prospects of virtual lighting，providing new perspectives and inspiration for further research on the combination of lighting and virtual reality technology.

Key words: Closed environment, Lighting, Virtual lighting, Non-visual effects, Virtual reality, Emotions, Cognition, Research progress

中图分类号:

R181.3

姜春蕾, 李康, 张中文, 袭著革. 虚拟光照对情绪及认知影响的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(10): 1430-1435.

JIANG Chunlei, LI Kang, ZHANG Zhongwen, XI Zhuge. Research progress on effects of virtual lighting on emotion and cognition. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(10): 1430-1435.

图/表 2

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日期（年）	研究场景	核心变量	方法/技术	主要结论	参考文献
2018	虚拟机场光环境	CCT（3 000K、6 500K、12 000K）	VR 寻路任务+行为观察记录	犹豫次数有显著差异，影响空间导向行为	[38]
2018	真实光环境与虚拟光环境	日间光照感知	沉浸式虚拟现实与真实环境感受对比	在虚拟光照和现实光照中的情绪感受一致	[39]
2020	虚拟现实森林（模拟自然光）	亮度水平	生理指标+主观量表	中等亮度最利于压力恢复；过高亮度反而增加应激	[40]
2021	真实房间与虚拟房间	可调光LED照明系统	主观评价+行为观察	真实和虚拟环境在照明感知上存在差异	[41]
2022	虚拟单色光环境与现实光环境	静态光、动态光	生理指标+主观量表	虚拟与现实生理响应模式一致	[42]
2022	虚拟单色光环境与现实光环境	单色光环境构建	主观量表	情绪反应有较高的一致性	[43]
2023	虚拟光现实环境	光环境颜色（亮度和色调）	生理指标+主观量表	环境颜色的亮度和色调对生理唤醒有显著影响	[44]
2024	虚拟日光变化	日光亮度梯度	生理指标+主观量表	虚拟光环境变化对情绪体验和认知功能有影响	[45]
2025	虚拟现实环境	光刺激（亮度和时间变化）	生理指标	褪黑激素抑制，适合研究非视觉光效应	[46]

日期（年）	研究场景	核心变量	方法/技术	主要结论	参考文献
2018	虚拟机场光环境	CCT（3 000K、6 500K、12 000K）	VR 寻路任务+行为观察记录	犹豫次数有显著差异，影响空间导向行为	[38]
2018	真实光环境与虚拟光环境	日间光照感知	沉浸式虚拟现实与真实环境感受对比	在虚拟光照和现实光照中的情绪感受一致	[39]
2020	虚拟现实森林（模拟自然光）	亮度水平	生理指标+主观量表	中等亮度最利于压力恢复；过高亮度反而增加应激	[40]
2021	真实房间与虚拟房间	可调光LED照明系统	主观评价+行为观察	真实和虚拟环境在照明感知上存在差异	[41]
2022	虚拟单色光环境与现实光环境	静态光、动态光	生理指标+主观量表	虚拟与现实生理响应模式一致	[42]
2022	虚拟单色光环境与现实光环境	单色光环境构建	主观量表	情绪反应有较高的一致性	[43]
2023	虚拟光现实环境	光环境颜色（亮度和色调）	生理指标+主观量表	环境颜色的亮度和色调对生理唤醒有显著影响	[44]
2024	虚拟日光变化	日光亮度梯度	生理指标+主观量表	虚拟光环境变化对情绪体验和认知功能有影响	[45]
2025	虚拟现实环境	光刺激（亮度和时间变化）	生理指标	褪黑激素抑制，适合研究非视觉光效应	[46]