职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1463-1469.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

职业性尘肺病血清肿瘤标志物水平及影响因素分析

邝靖茹1,2, 黄明1,2(), 张莹2, 梁伟辉2   

  1. 1 山西医科大学公共卫生学院山西 太原 030001
    2 广东省职业病防治院广东 广州 510300
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 黄明,E-mail:echo.echo@126.com
  • 作者简介:邝靖茹,女,在读公共卫生硕士研究生,研究方向为职业病防治。
  • 基金资助:
    国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09);广州市生物医药产业创新补助(2021年)

Analysis on level and influencing factors of serum tumor markers in occupational pneumoconiosis

KUANG Jingru1,2, HUANG Ming1,2(), ZHANG Ying2, LIANG Weihui2   

  1. 1 School of Public HealthShanxi Medical University,TaiyuanShanxi 030001, China
    2 Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentGuangzhouGuangdong 510300, China
  • Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-11-10 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10
  • Contact: HUANG Ming,E-mail:echo.echo@126.com

摘要:

目的 明确职业性尘肺病患者血清中肿瘤标志物表达水平的变化情况,并深入剖析促使这些变化出现的多种影响因素。方法 采用判断抽样方法,选取2021年1月—2023年12月在广东省职业病防治院职业病科就诊的255例职业性尘肺病患者作为研究对象,按照尘肺期别分为壹期、贰期和叁期组;按照是否为矽肺分为矽肺组和非矽肺组;按照病程时长分为0~<6、6~<11、11~<21、≥21年组。采集患者周围血检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specificenolase,NSE)、细胞角蛋白CK19片段(cytokeratin-19-fragment,CYFRA21-1)、胃泌素释放肽前体(pro-gastrin-releasing peptide,ProGRP)、甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)的水平,采用多重线性回归模型分析血清肿瘤标志物指标的影响因素。结果 不同期别患者性别分布、年龄、接尘时间、确诊时长、防护口罩佩戴率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);矽肺和非矽肺患者接尘时间、首次接尘年龄、噪声暴露率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同病程时长患者的确诊时长、确诊年龄、首次接尘年龄、防护口罩佩戴率、噪声暴露率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。职业性尘肺病患者血清NSE异常率、水平随尘肺期别的升高而上升,不同期别尘肺间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。尘肺贰期、叁期组患者血清CYFRA21-1异常率、水平均高于尘肺壹期组(均P<0.05)。与尘肺病程0~<6年比较,11~<21年组患者血清CYFRA21-1水平显著升高(P<0.05)。非矽肺组患者血清AFP水平高于矽肺组(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,尘肺期别为血清NSE、CYFRA21-1水平的影响因素(均P<0.05),首次接尘年龄、是否为矽肺、吸烟、尘肺期别均为血清ProGRP水平的影响因素(均P<0.05),首次接尘年龄、性别、是否为矽肺均为血清中AFP水平的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 职业性尘肺病患者的血清肿瘤标志物水平受疾病分期、类型、年龄及吸烟等多因素调控,其动态变化可为病情监测提供重要参考。

关键词: 职业性尘肺病, 肿瘤标志物, 神经元特异性烯醇化酶, 细胞角蛋白CK19片段, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To clarify the changes in the expression levels of tumor markers in the serum of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis and deeply analyze the various influencing factors that cause these changes. Methods judgment sampling method was used to select 255 patients with occupational pneumoconiosis who visited the Occupational Disease Department of Guangdong Provincial Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Control from January 2021 to December 2023 as the research subjects. They were divided into stage Ⅰ,stageⅡ and stage Ⅲgroups according to the stage of pneumoconiosis,into silicosis and non-silicosis groups according to whether they had silicosis,and into 0-<6,6-<11,11-<21 and ≥21 years groups according to the duration of the disease. The peripheral blood was collected from the patients to detect the levels of neuron-specific enolase(NSE),cytokeratin-19-fragment(CYFRA21-1),pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(ProGRP),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP). A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of serum tumor marker indicators. Results There were statistically significant differences in gender distribution,age,dust exposure time,duration of diagnosis,and mask wearing rate among patients of different stages(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in dust exposure time,age at first dust exposure,and noise exposure rate between silicosis and non-silicosis patients(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in duration of diagnosis,age at diagnosis,age at first dust exposure,mask wearing rate,and noise exposure rate among patients with different disease durations(all P<0.05). The abnormal rate and level of serum NSE in patients with occupational pneumoconiosis increased with the increase of pneumoconiosis stage,and there were significant differences among different stages(all P<0.05). The abnormal rate and level of serum CYFRA21-1 in patients of stageⅡand stageⅢ pneumoconiosis were higher than those in stageⅠ(all P<0.05). Compared with the 0-<6 years group,the level of serum CYFRA21-1 in the 11-<21 years group was significantly increased(P<0.05). The level of serum AFP in non-silicosis patients was higher than that in silicosis patients(P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the stage of pneumoconiosis was an influencing factor for the levels of serum NSE and CYFRA21-1(all P<0.05),the age at first dust exposure,whether it was silicosis,smoking and stage of pneumoconiosis were influencing factors for the level of serum ProGRP(all P<0.05),and the age at first dust exposure, gender,and whether it was silicosis were influencing factors for the level of serum AFP(all P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum tumor markers in occupational pneumoconiosis patients are regulated by disease stage,type,age and smoking,and their dynamic changes can provide an important reference for disease monitoring.

Key words: Occupational pneumoconiosis, Tumor markers, Neuron-specificenolase, Cytokeratin-19-fragment, Influencing factor

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