职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1457-1462.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃省垃圾焚烧发电企业职业病危害现状调查与综合风险分析

杨超1,2, 罗斌1(), 李宣珠3   

  1. 1 兰州大学甘肃 兰州 730030
    2 甘肃省疾病预防控制局甘肃 兰州 730030
    3 甘肃省疾病预防控制中心甘肃 兰州 730030
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-16 修回日期:2026-01-30 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 罗斌,E-mail:luob@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨超,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为职业卫生。

Investigation and integrated risk assessment of occupational hazards in domestic waste incineration power generation enterprises in Gansu Province

YANG Chao1,2, LUO Bin1(), LI Xuanzhu3   

  1. 1 Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730030, China
    2 Gansu Provincial Disease Control and Prevention AdministrationLanzhouGansu 730030, China
    3 Gansu Center for Disease Control and PreventionLanzhouGansu 730030, China
  • Received:2026-01-16 Revised:2026-01-30 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10
  • Contact: LUO Bin,E-mail:luob@lzu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 调查甘肃省部分垃圾焚烧发电企业职业病危害现状,分析综合风险水平,为相关企业职业病防治工作提供依据。方法 选取甘肃省内5家不同地区的垃圾焚烧发电企业,调查收集其2022—2024年职业病危害因素检测与评价、2021—2025年职业健康检查及职业病防护设施设置等资料,依据国家现行标准进行职业病危害作业分级,并开展职业病危害综合风险分类评估。结果 甘肃省垃圾焚烧发电企业主要存在矽尘、硫化氢、氨、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、氯化氢、氮氧化物、高温、噪声等多种职业病危害因素。各危害因素浓度或强度检测合格率为100%。主要岗位危害因素作业分级结果为Ⅰ级以上1个(占2.7%)、0级或未达分级标准36个(占97.3%),综合风险类别均为乙类。结论 当前甘肃省垃圾焚烧发电企业职业病危害总体可控,但由于危害相对复杂,部分岗位仍风险较高,建议采取以关键控制点为核心的综合治理措施,加强监管与技术支撑,持续提升职业病防治水平。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧发电, 职业病危害, 风险评估, 分类分级, 职业健康, 关键控制点

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards in some waste incineration power generation enterprises in Gansu Province,analyze the comprehensive risk level,and provide a basis for occupational disease prevention and control in related enterprises. Methods Data on occupational hazard factor detection and evaluation from 2022 to 2024,occupational health examinations and the configuration of occupational disease protection facilities from 2021 to 2025 were collected from five domestic waste incineration power generation enterprises in Gansu Province. Occupational hazard job classifications were conducted according to current national standards,followed by a comprehensive risk classification assessment. Results The primary occupational hazards identified in these enterprises included silica dust,hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,carbon monoxide,sulfur dioxide,hydrogen chloride,nitrogen oxides,high temperature,and noise. The qualified rates for the concentration or intensity of each hazard factor were 100%. Among the main positions,the operational grading results for hazard factors showed that 1 positions(2.7%) were classified as Level I or above,while 36 positions(97.3%) were classified as Level 0 or do not meet the grading criteria,and the comprehensive risk category for all enterprises was Class B. Conclusion The overall occupational hazards in domestic waste incineration power generation enterprises in Gansu Province are currently under control. However,due to the relative complexity of the hazards,certain positions still pose relatively high risks. It is recommended to implement integrated management measures focused on key control points,strengthen regulatory oversight and technical support,and continuously improve the level of occupational disease prevention and control.

Key words: Waste incineration power generation, Occupational hazards, Risk assessment, Classification and grading, Occupational health, Key control points

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