职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1544-1548.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

克拉玛依市4类公共场所空气中化学污染物健康风险评估

刘红瑛, 宋少龙, 施海云, 尹思雨, 顾艳琪   

  1. 克拉玛依市疾病预防控制中心(克拉玛依市卫生监督所)新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 作者简介:刘红瑛,女,主任技师,主要从事环境卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划(2024hjrkx0011)

Health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in the air of four types of public places in Karamay City

LIU Hongying, SONG Shaolong, SHI Haiyun, YIN Siyu, GU Yanqi   

  1. Karamay Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Karamay Health Supervision Institute)KaramayXinjiang 834000, China
  • Received:2025-08-13 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10

摘要:

目的 了解克拉玛依市4类公共场所空气中化学污染物暴露状况,评估从业人员的非致癌风险和致癌风险。方法 分析2022—2024年克拉玛依市宾馆、理发店、美容院和健身房4类公共场所空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯暴露水平,采用美国国家环境保护局(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,US EPA)的风险评估“四步法”建立风险评估模型,评估经呼吸途径对从业人员的非致癌和致癌风险。结果 3年共检测样品403份,甲醛合格率为92.80%,苯合格率为97.77%,甲苯合格率为100.00%,二甲苯合格率为99.75%。经风险评估,宾馆、理发店、美容院的甲醛危害商(hazard quotient,HQ)中位值均>1,健身房HQ P75>1。苯的HQ中位值<1,但最大值均>1,甲苯和二甲苯HQ均<1。4类公共场所甲醛致癌风险(carcinogenic risk,CR)最小值均>10-6,宾馆、理发店和美容院P75>10-4,健身房最大值>10-4。苯的CR P75和最大值均为10-6~10-4结论 克拉玛依市4类公共场所甲醛对从业人员存在较高的非致癌风险和致癌风险,应当作为首要控制的污染物。苯虽然非致癌风险较低,但存在一定的致癌风险,应引起关注,建议开展后续的持续监测和评估。

关键词: 公共场所, 化学污染物, 非致癌风险, 致癌风险, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To understand the exposure status of chemical pollutants in the air of four types of public places in Karamay City,and assess the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk(CR) for workers. Methods The exposure levels of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,and xylene in the air of key public places,such as hotels,barber shops,beauty salons,and gyms,in Karamay City from 2022 to 2024 were analyzed. The risk assessment model was established using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA) four-step method to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk and CR of workers due to respiratory exposure. Results A total of 403 samples were tested over three years. The compliance rate for formaldehyde was 92.80%,for benzene was 97.77%,for toluene was 100.00%,and for xylene was 99.75%. Risk assessment demonstrated that the hazard quotient(HQ) for formaldehyde was greater than 1 in the median values of hotels,barber shops,and beauty salons,and the 75th percentile(P75) in gyms was greater than 1. The median HQ for benzene was less than 1,but the maximum value was greater than 1. The HQ for toluene and xylene was less than 1. In the four types of public places,the CR for formaldehyde had a minimum value greater than 10-6. The P75 values for hotels,barber shops and beauty salons were greater than 10-4,and the maximum value for gyms was greater than 10-4. The CR for benzene was 10-6-10-4 for both P75 and maximum values. Conclusion Formaldehyde poses a high non-carcinogenic risk and CR to workers in four types of public places in Karamay City and should be prioritized for pollution control. Although benzene has a lower non-carcinogenic risk,it presents a potential CR and should be monitored. It is recommended to carry out continuous monitoring and evaluation in the future.

Key words: Public places, Chemical pollutants, Non-carcinogenic risk, Carcinogenic risk, Health risk assessment

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