民航飞行员职业健康风险及其影响因素研究进展

职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1852-1856.

民航飞行员职业健康风险及其影响因素研究进展

谭红霞¹^,², 齐宝宁¹, 袁筱婕², 李锐², 赵荣甫³(), 刘昆²()

¹ 陕西中医药大学公共卫生学院，陕西咸阳 712046
² 空军军医大学军事预防医学系军队防疫与流行病学教研室，特殊作业环境危害评估与防治教育部重点实验室，陕西西安 710032
³ 民航西安医院，陕西西安 710003

收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-09-17 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
通信作者: 赵荣甫,刘昆
作者简介:刘昆，E-mail：liukun5959@fmmu.edu.cn；赵荣甫，E-mail：zhaorfky@163.com
谭红霞，女，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为慢性非传染病流行病学研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82273689);陕西省自然科学基金(2020JM-329);空军军医大学雏鹰计划人才扶持项目(2020cyjhlk)

Research progress on occupational health risks and their influencing factors among civil aviation pilots

TAN Hongxia¹^,², QI Baoning¹, YUAN Xiaojie², LI Rui², ZHAO Rongfu³(), LIU Kun²()

¹ School of Public Health， Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine，Xianyang， Shaanxi 712046， China
² Department of Military Epidemic Prevention and Epidemiology， School of Military Preventive Medicine，Air Force Medical University，Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment，Xi'an， Shaanxi 710032， China
³ Civil Aviation Xi'an Hospital， Xi'an， Shaanxi 710003， China

Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-09-17 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
Contact: ZHAO Rongfu,LIU Kun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

民航飞行员作为特殊职业群体，其身心健康状况关系到个人健康福祉，更关乎航空飞行安全、民众人身安全和社会经济稳定。飞行员长期面临着工作压力大、环境噪声高、昼夜节律紊乱、宇宙电离辐射、心理健康风险等职业暴露因素，呈现出职业健康风险高发、飞行寿命缩减等不良态势。本文系统综述民航飞行员常见职业健康风险、流行病学特征、影响因素及健康管理措施现状，以期为民航飞行员职业健康预防控制提供有益参考，更好地保障飞行员健康和航空安全。

关键词: 民航飞行员, 健康风险, 影响因素, 职业健康管理, 飞行安全, 流行病学特征

Abstract:

As a specialized occupational group，the physical and mental health status of civil aviation pilots is not only crucial to their personal well-being but also significantly impacts aviation safety，public safety，and socioeconomic stability. Pilots are chronically exposed to various occupational hazards，including high work pressure，high environmental noise，circadian rhythm disruption，cosmic ionizing radiation，and psychological stressors. These factors contribute to an elevated incidence of occupational health risks and potential career longevity limitations in aviation professionals. This study systematically reviews the common occupational health risks，epidemiological characteristics，influencing factors，and current health management protocols among civil aviation pilots，in order to provide useful references for occupational health prevention and control of civil aviation pilots，and better ensure pilot health and aviation safety.

Key words: Civil aviation pilots, Health risks, Influencing factors, Occupational health management, Flight safety, Epidemiological characteristics

中图分类号:

R188

谭红霞, 齐宝宁, 袁筱婕, 李锐, 赵荣甫, 刘昆. 民航飞行员职业健康风险及其影响因素研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(13): 1852-1856.

TAN Hongxia, QI Baoning, YUAN Xiaojie, LI Rui, ZHAO Rongfu, LIU Kun. Research progress on occupational health risks and their influencing factors among civil aviation pilots. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(13): 1852-1856.

参考文献 42

[1]	唐历华, 边晨, 余善法. 民航员工职业病危害因素研究进展[J]. 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2021, 39(5):397-400.
[2]	邓丽芳. 飞行员心理疲劳:测量、成因及干预[J]. 心理学进展, 2024, 14(3):131-139.
[3]	武海英, 严冬. 航空性中耳炎的发病机制剖析及有效预防措施的综述研究[J]. 中国医药指南, 2025, 23(7):34-37.
[4]	陈欢. 航空性鼻窦炎[J]. 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学), 2017, 32(3):160-162.
[5]	WILSON D, DRILLER M, JOHNSTON B, et al. The prevalence of cardiometabolic health risk factors among airline pilots:A systematic review[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(8):4848.
[6]	DE SOUZA PALMEIRA M L, CRISTINA MARQUEZE E. Excess weight in regular aviation pilots associated with work and sleep characteristics[J]. Sleep Sci, 2016, 9(4):266-271.
[7]	YU F, XIE Y, YANG J. Analysis of hyperlipidemia risk factors among pilots based on physical examination data:A study using a multilevel propensity score models[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2024, 28(3):341.
[8]	张雁歌, 张霞, 孙雪蕾, 等. 116名飞行员听觉功能的调查研究[J]. 中华航空航天医学杂志, 2013, 24(2):86-90.
[9]	左孔成, 陈鹏, 王政, 等. 飞机舱内噪声的研究现状[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(8):2370-2384.
[10]	张杰, 陈晓丽, 高小丹, 等. 军事飞行人员噪声性听力损失的研究进展[J]. 中华耳科学杂志, 2023, 21(4):568-573.
[11]	胡墨绳, 赵守琴, 王雷, 等. 民航飞行员听力损失分级与相关影响因素的等级Logistic回归分析[J]. 听力学及言语疾病杂志, 2018, 26(5):475-479.
[12]	胡墨绳, 张华, 王雷, 等. 民航飞行员的听力损失状况及其影响因素的调查研究[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2018, 39(6):955-960.
[13]	熊婵, 刘珍凯, 纪开宝, 等. 视屏终端的使用对人泪膜及眼表的影响及非侵人性眼表综合分析仪的应用价值[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2016, 36(5):443-447.
[14]	BERG E J, YING G S, MAGUIRE M G, et al. Climatic and environmental correlates of dry eye disease severity:A report from the dry eye assessment and management(DREAM) study[J]. Transl Vis Sci Technol, 2020, 9(5):25.
[15]	SPRUGNOLI G, CAGLE Y D, SANTARNECCHI E. Microgravity and cosmic radiations during space exploration as a window into neurodegeneration on earth[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2020, 77(2):157-158.
[16]	马阳光, 张大伟, 上官磊, 等. 不同机种飞行员颈腰痛现况调查及危险因素分析[J]. 空军航空医学, 2021, 37(6):465-468.
[17]	ALMUAMMAR S, ALKHALDI R, ALDEALIJ R, et al. In the captain's chair:A cross-sectional study on back pain among commercial airline pilots in saudi arabia[J]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2025, 26(1):143.
[18]	PASHA T, STOKES P R A. Reflecting on the germanwings disaster:A systematic review of depression and suicide in commercial airline pilots[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2018, 9(2018):86.
[19]	王娜. 某航空公司飞行员健康状况调查分析[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2014.
[20]	刘靖圆, 冯晶, 雷莹, 等. 分析飞行员发生抑郁症的相关因素及心理治疗的方法和注意事项[J]. 空军航空医学, 2022, 39(6):299-301.
[21]	王鹃. 对某航空公司飞行员心理健康状况调查分析[J]. 心理月刊, 2020, 15(7):29-30.
[22]	YANG S X, CHENG S, SUN Y, et al. Circadian disruption in civilian airline pilots[J]. Aerosp Med Hum Perform, 2024, 95(7):381-389.
[23]	YANG S X, XU B, WEN J, et al. An optimization of airline scheduling systems based on a new airline pilots’ fatigue assessment algorithm[J]. E3S Web Conf, 2023, 409(2023):04005.
[24]	DEMEROUTI E, VELDHUIS W, COOMBES C, et al. Burnout among pilots:Psychosocial factors related to happiness and performance at simulator training[J]. Ergonomics, 2019, 62(2):233-245.
[25]	REIS C, MESTRE C, CANHAO H. Prevalence of fatigue in a group of airline pilots[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2013, 84(8):828-833.
[26]	ENYINNA P I. Radiological risk assessment of cosmic radiation at aviation altitudes(a trip from houston intercontinental airport to lagos international airport)[J]. J Med Phys, 2016, 41(3):205-209.
[27]	GUDMUNDSDOTTIR E M, HRAFNKELSSON J, RAFNSSON V. Incidence of cancer among licenced commercial pilots flying north atlantic routes[J]. Environ Health, 2017, 16(1):86.
[28]	PUKKALA E, ASPHOLM R, AUVINEN A, et al. Incidence of cancer among nordic airline pilots over five decades:Occupational cohort study[J]. BMJ, 2002, 325(7364):567.
[29]	RAFNSSON V, OLAFSDOTTIR E, HRAFNKELSSON J, et al. Cosmic radiation increases the risk of nuclear cataract in airline pilots:A population-based case-control study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2005, 123(8):1102-1105.
[30]	LIEBOLD F, ADLER W, JANSEN S, et al. Evaluation of colour vision impairment during acute hypobaric hypoxia in aviation medicine:A randomized controlled trial[J]. J Physiol Sci, 2024, 74(1):6.
[31]	MELLERT V, BAUMANN I, FREESE N, et al. Impact of sound and vibration on health,travel comfort and performance of flight attendants and pilots[J]. Aerosp Sci Technol, 2008, 12(1):18-25.
[32]	SIVAKUMARAN K, RITONJA J A, WASEEM H, et al. Impact of noise exposure on risk of developing stress-related health effects related to the cardiovascular system:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Noise Health, 2022, 24(114):107-129.
[33]	ALMUAMMAR S, ALKHALDI R, ALSHARIF R, et al. Navigating the skies:A cross-sectional study of depression among saudi arabian airline pilots[J]. J Occup Med Toxicol, 2024, 19(1):36.
[34]	VANCHERI F, LONGO G, VANCHERI E, et al. Mental stress and cardiovascular health—part I[J]. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(12):3353.
[35]	WU L J, GANDER P H, VAN DEN BERG M J, et al. Estimating long-haul airline pilots' at-home baseline sleep duration[J]. Sleep Health, 2016, 2(2):143-145.
[36]	SHI R, WANG F, XU W, et al. Association of age and night flight duration with sleep disorders among Chinese airline pilots[J]. Front Public Health, 2023, 11(2023):1217005.
[37]	黄家琪, 朱雨岚. 昼夜节律及昼夜节律失调性睡眠觉醒障碍研究进展[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2022, 55(10):1200-1208.
[38]	YAGITA K. Sleep,circadian rhythm,and antiaging medicine:Circadian rhythm and antiaging[M]//YAMADA H,NAITO Y.Anti-Aging Medicine:Basics and Clinical Practice.Singapore:Springer Nature, 2024:235-237.
[39]	韩霜, 吴奇, 孙礼兵, 等. 基于深度收缩自编码网络的飞行员疲劳状态识别[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2018, 35(3):443-451.
[40]	CROSS D S, WALLACE R, CROSS J, et al. Understanding pilots' perceptions of mental health issues:A qualitative phenomenological investigation among airline pilots in the united states[J]. Cureus, 2024, 16(8):e66277.
[41]	王骞, 韩海军, 田田. 非药物健康干预对民航飞行员生理健康的影响[J]. 四川体育科学, 2021, 40(2):43-45,58.
[42]	NICHOLAS J S, BUTLER G C, LACKLAND D T, et al. Flight deck magnetic fields in commercial aircraft[J]. Am J Ind Med, 2000, 38(5):548-554.