护士职业成功感核心驱动因素及多维干预策略的研究进展

职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1857-1861.

护士职业成功感核心驱动因素及多维干预策略的研究进展

王嘉敏¹^,², 李双含¹^,², 赵静³(), 陈丽⁴, 胡菲⁴, 隋馥卉³

¹ 陕西中医药大学第五临床学院，陕西西安 710000
² 陕西中医药大学，陕西咸阳 712046
³ 西安市中医医院，陕西西安 710000
⁴ 西安交通大学第二附属医院，陕西西安 710114

收稿日期:2025-04-07 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
通信作者: 赵静
作者简介:赵静，E-mail：18992810863@qq.com
王嘉敏，女，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为护理管理、老年护理。
基金资助:
2025年陕西省重点研发计划项目(2025SF-YBXM-076);2024年度陕西省教育厅一般专项科学研究计划项目(24JK0408)

Research progress on core-driving factor and multidimensional intervention strategies for nurses' sense of career success

WANG Jiamin¹^,², LI Shuanghan¹^,², ZHAO Jing³(), CHEN Li⁴, HU Fei⁴, SUI Fuhui³

¹ The Fifth Clinical College， Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine，Xi'an， Shaanxi 710000， China
² Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine， Xianyang， Shaanxi 712046， China
³ Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Xi'an， Shaanxi 710000， China
⁴ The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University， Xi'an， Shaanxi 710114， China

Received:2025-04-07 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
Contact: ZHAO Jing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

护士职业成功感是缓解职业倦怠、稳定护理队伍的核心要素，对护士个体发展、团队结构稳定及整体医疗服务质量提升至关重要。当前研究多聚焦职业成功感的表型特征，缺乏对深层驱动机制的系统探索。为此，本文系统综述护士职业成功感的评估工具与核心驱动因素，揭示其内在驱动体系呈现三维结构：职业认同感构成价值基础、自我效能形成核心动力、心理韧性发挥调节作用；外在驱动系统则包含物理环境支撑与人文环境支持2个维度，二者协同作用。基于此，提出涵盖“个人-医院-社会-国家”的多维干预策略，以期帮助护士增强职业成功感、缓解职业倦怠，进而稳定护理队伍、提升临床护理服务质量，为护理事业的稳步发展提供切实支持。

关键词: 职业成功感, 护士, 评估工具, 核心驱动因素, 干预策略, 综述

Abstract:

Nurses' sense of career success is a core element in alleviating job burnout and stabilizing the nursing workforce. It is crucial for the individual development of nurses，the structural stability of teams，and the overall improvement of healthcare service quality. Current research predominantly focuses on the phenotypic characteristics of career success，lacking systematic exploration of its underlying driving mechanisms. Therefore，this paper systematically reviews assessment tools and core drivers of career success among nurses，revealing a three-dimensional structure of its intrinsic driving system：professional identity forms the value foundation，self-efficacy serves as the core driving force，and psychological resilience plays a regulatory role. The extrinsic driving system comprises two dimensions：physical environment support and humanistic environment support，which function synergistically. Based on this framework，a multi-dimensional intervention strategy encompassing the "individual-hospital-society-state" is proposed to help nurses enhance their sense of career success and mitigate job burnout，ultimately stabilize the nursing workforce and elevate the quality of clinical nursing services，and provide practical support for the steady development of the nursing profession.

Key words: Sense of career success, Nurse, Assessment tool, Core-driving factor, Intervention strategy, Review

中图分类号:

R192.6

王嘉敏, 李双含, 赵静, 陈丽, 胡菲, 隋馥卉. 护士职业成功感核心驱动因素及多维干预策略的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(13): 1857-1861.

WANG Jiamin, LI Shuanghan, ZHAO Jing, CHEN Li, HU Fei, SUI Fuhui. Research progress on core-driving factor and multidimensional intervention strategies for nurses' sense of career success. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(13): 1857-1861.

参考文献 36

[1]	国家卫生健康委关于印发《全国护理事业发展规划(2021—2025年)》的通知[J]. 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会公报, 2022(4):4-10.
[2]	YAMADA M, ASAKURA K, SUGIYAMA S, et al. Insights from defining nurses' career success:An integrative review[J]. Nurs Open, 2023, 11(1):e2040.
[3]	WANG M, WANG L, LU C. Nurses' sense of organizational support,Self-esteem and perceived professional benefits:A mediating model[J]. Nurs Open, 2023, 10(4):2098-2106.
[4]	BROOK J, AITKEN L, WEBB R, et al. Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses:A systematic review[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2019, 91:47-59.
[5]	YUAN Y C, XIA Z, YING L W, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Chinese version of career success in nursing scale(CSNS)[J]. BMC Nurs, 2023, 22(1):250-25020.
[6]	SÖNMEZ B, GÜL D, SPİR DEMİR Ö, et al. Antecedents and outcomes of nurses' dubjective vareer duccess:A path analysis[J]. J Nurs Scholarsh, 2021, 53(5):604-614.
[7]	CHANG PC, GUO Y, CAI Q, et al. Proactive career orientation and subjective career success:A perspective of career construction theory[J]. Behav Sci(Basel), 2023, 13(6):503.
[8]	严圣阳, 王忠军, 杜坤, 等. 员工职业生涯成功的测量工具实证研究[J]. 武汉商业服务学院学报, 2008, 22(3):73-75.
[9]	肖薇, 罗瑾琏. 女性职业成功的结构模型与量表开发[J]. 经济管理, 2015, 37(3):79-88.
[10]	董海红, 夏沪露. 女性护士职业成功现状及影响因素分析[J]. 全科护理, 2020, 18(30):4178-4181.
[11]	ASGHARI E, ZAMANZADEH V, VALIZADEH L, et al. Development and psychometric testing of the career success in nursing scale[J]. Int Nurs Rev, 2021, 68(1):41-48.
[12]	崔媛媛. 护士职业生涯成功量表的汉化及信效度检验[D]. 沈阳: 中国医科大学, 2023.
[13]	张政, 刘紫微, 王姗姗, 等. 护士职业成功感量表的研制[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2024, 39(4):337-343.
[14]	SUN B, FU L, YAN C, et al. Quality of work life and work engagement among nurses with standardised taining:The mediating role of burnout and career identity[J]. Nurse Educ Pract, 2022, 58:103276.
[15]	WU C, FU M M, CHENG S Z, et al. Career identity and career success among Chinese male nurses:The mediating role of work engagement[J]. J Nurs Manag, 2022, 30(7):3350-3359.
[16]	李立君, 曹虹. 天津市三级甲等医院护士职业生活质量现状及影响因素分析[J]. 职业与健康, 2025, 41(8):1074-1079.
[17]	翟燕雪, 柴晓雨, 刘堃, 等. 护士职业应对自我效能量表的汉化及信效度研究[J]. 现代预防医学, 2021, 48(3):423-426.
[18]	OH S, PYO J. Creative self-efficacy,cognitive reappraisal,positive affect,and career satisfaction:A serial mediation model[J]. Behav Sci, 2023, 13(11):890.
[19]	蒋嫚, 李丹, 陈是谨, 等. 四川省三级甲等医院外科护士工作投入在工作疏离感与职业生涯成功间的中介作用[J]. 职业与健康, 2024, 40(15):2076-2080.
[20]	XUE H, SI X, WANG H, et al. Psychological resilience and career success of female nurses in central China:The mediating role of craftsmanship[J]. Front Psychol, 2022, 13:915479.
[21]	韩斌如, 陈曦, 徐凤霞, 等. 护士心理韧性与职业发展的相关性分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(2):255-260.
[22]	张静, 陆爱红, 黄雪红, 等. 急诊科护士工作场所暴力与心理韧性对职业倦怠的影响[J]. 职业与健康, 2025, 41(10):1335-1339,1345.
[23]	马伟娜, 董培培, 黄冉冉, 等. 工作安全感、职业获益感在眼科护士职业韧性与职业成功中的中介作用[J]. 全科护理, 2024, 22(14):2698-2702.
[24]	KOHNEN D, DE WITTE H, SCHAUFELI W B, et al. What makes nurses flourish at work? How the perceived clinical work environment relates to nurse motivation and well-being:A cross-sectional study[J]. Int J Nurs Stud, 2023, 148:104567.
[25]	AL SABEI S D, LABRAGUE L J, MINER ROSS A, et al. Nursing work environment,turnover intention,job burnout,and quality of care:The moderating role of job satisfaction[J]. J Nurs Scholarsh, 2020, 52(1):95-104.
[26]	王翠, 杨璐, 吴冬梅, 等. 医院安全氛围在护士感知工作环境及满意度间的中介效应分析[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2024, 45(6):175-181.
[27]	JUNG O S, AIKEN L H, SLOANE D M, et al. Nurse work environment and hospital-onset clostridioides difficile infection[J]. Med Care, 2023, 61(6):360-365.
[28]	李琼华, 肖敏, 张红英, 等. 四川省6所三级甲等医院ICU护士主动性行为和职业尊重在感知医院韧性与职业成功感间的链式中介作用[J]. 职业与健康, 2025, 41(13):1765-1770.
[29]	吴妍平, 徐仁华, 王云文, 等. 老年专科护士职业生涯成功感现状及相关因素分析[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(7):1079-1083.
[30]	刘芳, 常芸, 徐忠梅, 等. 心血管专科护士职业生涯成功状态及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国护理管理, 2020, 20(5):764-769.
[31]	秦永方. 护士绩效工资合理性分配探讨[J]. 中国卫生经济, 2017, 36(2):17-19.
[32]	周志伟, 夏友, 胡江英, 等. 护士精神气候在职业召唤与职业成功间的中介效应分析[J]. 职业与健康, 2024, 40(14):1941-1944.
[33]	NI Y X, WU D, BAO Y, et al. Nurses' perceptions of career growth:A qualitative descriptive study[J]. J Adv Nurs, 2022, 78(11):3795-3805.
[34]	卫鹏, 周晓梅, 朱媛媛, 等. 护士组织支持、工作旺盛感与建言行为的关系研究[J]. 护士进修杂志, 2024, 39(4):351-355.
[35]	王暘婧, 熊莉娟, 王钰涵, 等. 护士职业抱负的研究进展[J]. 护理学杂志, 2024, 39(11):123-126.
[36]	张秀英, 马金蝉, 李亚妹, 等. 国内专科护士职业发展现状及发展策略研究进展[J]. 上海护理, 2024, 24(1):26-29.