关键词: 非医疗机构, 核技术, 周围剂量当量率, 表面污染水平, X射线装置, 密封源, 非密封源

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current situation of nuclear technology application and radiation protection in non-medical institutions（excluding confidential enterprises and pet hospitals） in Xi'an City，provide data support and theoretical basis for the relevant departments to formulate supervision plans and implementation standards. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to extract some radioactive workplaces in six main categories of nuclear technology application projects in Xi'an City from 2022 to 2024，such as accelerators，industrial flaw detection，baggage inspection instruments，nuclear instruments，unsealed source places，and sealed source logging. The protective testing was carried out according to corresponding standards，and the data were analyzed. Results The non-medical institutions using nuclear technology in Xi'an City were on the rise from 2022 to 2024. The industrial flaw detection was the main non-medical application item in this area. The radiation level in non-medical radiation workplaces in Xi'an City in the past three years did exceed the dose limit specified by the relevant standards. The radiation level in industrial radiographic inspection workplaces was the highest，which was （2.14±8.41）μSv/h，while the radiation level in accelerator workplaces was the lowest，which was （0.18±0.12）μSv/h. There was statistically significant difference in detection results among different survey items（H=37.658，P<0.05）. Conclusions The radiation level in non-medical radiation workplaces of Xi'an City is generally at a low level under normal operation，but some points（such as the entrances and exits of baggage inspection equipment，mobile flaw detection site，and the outer surface of the source container） are higher than the average level. Therefore，the relevant units and competent departments need to enhance their awareness of protection，strengthen the management of radiation sources，and pay attention to the occupational health management of radiation workers.

Key words: Non-medical institution, Nuclear technology, Ambient dose equivalent rate, Surface contamination level, X-ray device, Sealed source, Non-sealed source