职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 2428-2432.

• 卫生管理与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃省基层预防接种单位服务现况调查及接种医生工作量影响因素分析

焦永卓, 彭娟霞, 安婧, 张秉玲, 王旭霞, 张晓曙()   

  1. 甘肃省疾病预防控制中心甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-11-24 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-14
  • 通信作者: 张晓曙 E-mail:517148096@qq.com
  • 作者简介:焦永卓,女,副主任医师,主要从事传染病预防控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省卫生健康行业科研计划项目(GSWSQN2022-04);国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目

Investigation on the current status of vaccination clinics services and analysis of influencing factors on vaccination doctors' workload in Gansu Province

JIAO Yongzhuo, PENG Juanxia, AN Jing, ZHANG Bingling, WANG Xuxia, ZHANG Xiaoshu()   

  1. Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionLanzhouGansu 730000, China
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-11-24 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-14
  • Contact: ZHANG Xiaoshu E-mail:517148096@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析甘肃省基层预防接种单位设施、人员配置及接种医生人均日工作量影响因素,识别短板,为优化资源配置、提高服务质量提供依据。方法 于2022年9月—2023年12月,按经济水平分层,随机抽取甘肃省6个市州的36家基层接种单位,对接种单位负责人及接种人员进行问卷调查和面对面访谈,收集设施配置、服务情况、人力资源等数据;运用单因素与多因素回归分析接种医生人均日工作量影响因素。结果 共调查接种单位36家,以公立为主(88.89%);接种人员192名,其中占比较高的为女性,占78.12%,临聘人员占51.56%,初级职称人员占52.08%;接种单位服务半径MP25P75)为8.00(5.00,15.00)km,城镇<农村;城镇单位在等候椅、接种台、计算机及打印设备等硬件配置上优于农村(P<0.05);接种医生人均日工作量MP25P75)为18.31(7.81,37.31)剂次。多因素分析显示,服务人口数≥5万(B=33.621)、接种人员配比0~<1人/万人(B=21.154)以及月接种(B=28.770)均是工作量的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 甘肃省接种单位设施、人力资源配置能够满足辖区需求,服务人口数、接种人员配比及服务周期是影响接种医生工作量的主要因素。针对存在的城乡资源不均与人力结构问题,建议依据服务需求动态配置资源,稳定基层队伍,以优化接种服务质量。

关键词: 预防接种, 接种单位, 服务能力, 现况, 工作量, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To understand the facilities,personnel configuration of vaccination clinics,and influencing factors on the daily workload per vaccination doctor in Gansu Province,identify shortcomings,and provide a basis for optimizing resource allocation and improving service quality. Methods From September 2022 to December 2023,36 vaccination clinics were randomly selected from six prefecture-level cities in Gansu Province using stratified sampling based on economic development levels. Structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were conducted with clinic managers and vaccination staff to collect data on facility configuration,service provision,and human resources. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of daily workload per vaccination doctor. Results A total of 36 vaccination units were surveyed,with public units being the main units(88.89%). There were 192 vaccinated staff,among whom a relatively high proportion were women,accounting for 78.12%,51.56% were temporary hires,and 52.08% had junior professional titles. The service radius MP25P75) of the vaccination unit was 8.00(5.00,15.00)km,which was shorter in urban than in rural areas. The configuration of hardware facilities such as waiting chairs,vaccination stations,computers,and printers was significantly better in urban units than in rural units(all P<0.05). The daily workload per vaccination doctor MP25P75) was 18.31(7.81,37.31)doses. Multivariate analysis showed that service population ≥50 000(B=33.621),vaccination staff ratio 0-<1/100 000(B=21.154),and monthly vaccination service cycle(B=28.770) were the main influencing factors on workload(all P<0.05). Conclusion The facilities and human resources of vaccination clinics in Gansu Province can meet local needs,and the number of service population,vaccination staff ratio,and service frequency are the main factors influencing the workload of vaccination doctors. In response to the issues of uneven urban-rural resource allocation and suboptimal workforce structure,it is recommended to dynamically allocate resources based on service demands and stabilize the grassroots workforce,so as to optimize the quality of vaccination services.

Key words: Vaccination, Vaccination clinics, Service capability, Current status, Workload, Influencing factor

中图分类号: