职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2608-2612.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于结构方程模型的精神专科医院医护人员职业倦怠影响因素研究

余军1,2, 裴迎新1(), 吕韬3, 黄富敏4, 王晓雯2, 冯琳2()   

  1. 1 中国现场流行病学培训项目北京 100050
    2 云南省疾病预防控制中心云南 昆明 650500
    3 云南省煤矿精神病医院云南 红河 661000
    4 文山州卫生健康综合服务中心云南 文山 663000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30 修回日期:2025-10-31 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 裴迎新,E-mail:peiyx@chinacdc.cn;冯琳,E-mail:flrebecca66@126.com
  • 作者简介:余军,女,主管医师,主要从事疾病预防控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    中国现场流行病学培训项目;云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目(2024年1月—2028年1月)

Research on the influencing factors of occupational burnout among medical staff in psychiatric hospitals based on structural equation modeling

YU Jun1,2, PEI Yingxin1(), LYU Tao3, HUANG Fumin4, WANG Xiaowen2, FENG Lin2()   

  1. 1 China Field Epidemiology Training ProgramBeijing 100050, China
    2 Yunnan Center for Disease Control and PreventionKunmingYunnan 650500, China
    3 Yunnan Provincial Coal Mine Mental HospitalHongheYunnan 661000, China
    4 Wenshan Prefecture Comprehensive Health Service CenterWenshanYunnan 663000, China
  • Received:2025-07-30 Revised:2025-10-31 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: PEI Yingxin,E-mail:peiyx@chinacdc.cn;FENG Lin,E-mail:flrebecca66@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解云南省精神专科医院医护人员职业倦怠现况并分析其影响因素,为改善精神科医护人员职业倦怠状况提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选取云南省8所精神专科医院551名医护人员进行匿名线上问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 551名调查对象中,男女比例为0.49 ∶ 1,平均年龄为(34.34±8.56)岁;职业倦怠检出率为69.7%,总分MP25P75)为46(29,61)分;不同年龄、医院级别、月均收入、每周工作时间、每天管理患者数量及值夜班情况的医护人员职业倦怠得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);年龄、月均收入、用工形式、医院级别、每天管理患者的数量等进入回归方程(P<0.05);结构方程模型显示工作压力对职业倦怠有正向预测作用(β=0.355),对个人状态有负向预测作用(β= -0.327),社会支持可以降低工作压力和职业倦怠感受(β=-0.771,-0.337),同时对个人状态有正向预测作用(β=0.280)(均P<0.01)。结论 年龄小、工作压力大等均是精神专科医护人员职业倦怠的危险因素,同时可以明显影响个人身体和工作状态,需要进一步加强对年轻职工的培训和指导,提高社会支持,从而有效地减少职业倦怠的发生。

关键词: 精神科, 医护人员, 职业倦怠, 影响因素, 结构方程模型, 云南

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of occupational burnout among psychiatric medical staff in Yunnan Province,in order to provide theoretical basis for improving the occupational burnout status of psychiatric medical staff. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 551 medical and nursing staff from 8 psychiatric hospitals in Yunnan Province for anonymous online questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results Among the 551 respondents,the male to female ratio was 0.49 ∶ 1,and the average age was (34.34±8.56)years old. The overall detection rate of occupational burnout was 69.7%,with the total score MP25P75) of 46(29,61)points. The comparison of occupational burnout scores among healthcare workers differed by age,hospital level,monthly income,weekly working hours,number of patients managed per day,and night shift arrangement,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05). Age,monthly income,employment form,hospital level,and the number of patients managed per day entered the regression equation(all P<0.05). The structural equation model showed that work stress had a positive predictive effect on occupational burnout(β=0.355) and a negative predictive effect on personal status(β=-0.327). Social support could reduce work stress and feelings of occupational burnout(β=-0.771,-0.337),while also having a positive predictive effect on personal status(β=0.280)(all P<0.01). Conclusion Young age and high work pressure are risk factors for occupational burnout among psychiatric medical staff,and can significantly affect personal physical and work status. It is necessary to further strengthen training and guidance for young employees,improve their social support,and effectively reduce the occurrence of occupational burnout.

Key words: Psychiatry department, Medical staff, Occupational burnout, Influencing factors, Structural equation model, Yunnan Province

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