职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2678-2682.

• 论著——环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2024年青海省农村饮用水硝酸盐氮污染水平及健康风险评估

吉秀亮, 杨君胜, 谢晓媛, 蒲昌青, 郭学斌, 李晓萍()   

  1. 青海省疾病预防控制中心青海 西宁 810007
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 李晓萍,E-mail:qhcdcjxl@126.com
  • 作者简介:吉秀亮,男,副主任医师,主要从事环境卫生工作。

Analysis of nitrate nitrogen pollution levels and health risks assessment in rural drinking water in Qinghai Province from 2015 to 2024

JI Xiuliang, YANG Junsheng, XIE Xiaoyuan, PU Changqing, GUO Xuebin, LI Xiaoping()   

  1. Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and ControlXiningQinghai 810007, China
  • Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2025-12-24 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: LI Xiaoping,E-mail:qhcdcjxl@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解青海省农村饮用水硝酸盐氮暴露水平,评估人群健康风险,为农村改水工作提供技术支撑。方法 2015—2024年对青海省农村26 181份水样开展硝酸盐氮监测,使用离子色谱法测定硝酸盐氮的含量,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》评价硝酸盐氮达标情况,采用WS/T 777—2021《环境化学物质风险评估技术指南》对硝酸盐氮开展健康风险评估。结果 共监测青海省农村饮用水水样26 181份,硝酸盐氮浓度中位数为1.77 mg/L,达标率为97.90%。不同年度、水期、水源类型、水处理方式和区域间水样达标率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2015—2024 年不同年龄段人群非致癌风险(P50P95)均<1,其中2~<3岁人群饮用水中硝酸盐氮的非致癌风险(P50P95)最大,分别为0.065、0.273。结论 2015—2024年青海省农村饮用水硝酸盐氮经口摄入途径的非致癌风险较低,其中2~<3岁人群虽风险最大但仍处于安全阈值内(HQ<1),但应重点关注以地下水为水源的农村饮用水硝酸盐氮暴露水平,开展持续监测并对水处理工艺进行改造,保证居民饮水安全。

关键词: 农村饮用水, 硝酸盐氮, 健康风险评估, 污染水平, 婴幼儿, 经口摄入

Abstract:

Objective To understand the exposure level of nitrate nitrogen in rural drinking water in Qinghai Province,assess the health risk of the population,and provide technical support for the improvement work of rural water supply. Methods Monitoring of nitrate nitrogen was conducted on 26 181 samples of rural drinking water in Qinghai Province from 2015 to 2024. Ion chromatography was used to determine the mass concentrations of nitrate nitrogen. The compliance of nitrate nitrogen was evaluated according to the GB 5749-2022 "Sanitary Standards for drinking water". The health risk of exposure to nitrate nitrogen through the drinking water route was evaluated according to the WS/T 777-2021 "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substance". Results A total of 26 181 rural drinking water samples was monitored in Qinghai Province,with a mean nitrate nitrogen concentration of 1.77 mg/L,and the nitrate nitrogen compliance rate was 97.90%. Statistically significant differences in the compliance rate of water samples were observed across different years,water periods,water source types,water treatment methods and regions(all P<0.05). From 2015 to 2024,the non-carcinogenic risks(P50P95) for all age groups were below 1,among which the non-carcinogenic risk(P50P95) of nitrate nitrogen in drinking water of 2-<3 years old group was the highest,at 0.065,0.273,respectively. Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risks of nitrate nitrogen in rural drinking water in Qinghai Province from 2015 to 2024 is relatively low. Although the age group of 2-<3 has the highest risk,it is still within the safe threshold(HQ<1). However,special attention should be paid to the nitrate nitrogen exposure level of rural drinking water sourced from groundwater. It is suggested to carry out continuous monitoring and transform the water treatment process to ensure the safety of residents' drinking water.

Key words: Rural drinking water, Nitrate nitrogen, Health risks assessment, Pollution level, Infants and young children, Oral intake

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