职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 2485-2489.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

2006—2024年南宁市青秀区职业病报告特征及防治对策分析

梁春香1, 黄成伟2, 李维1, 陆路1, 韦振明1   

  1. 1 南宁市青秀区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科广西 南宁 530029
    2 南宁市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科广西 南宁 530002
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-16 修回日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 作者简介:梁春香,女,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。

Analysis of occupational disease reporting characteristics and prevention countermeasures in Qingxiu District of Nanning City from 2006 to 2024

LIANG Chunxiang1, HUANG Chengwei2, LI Wei1, LU Lu1, WEI Zhenming1   

  1. 1 Department of Public HealthNanning Qingxiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,NanningGuangxi 530029, China
    2 Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,NanningGuangxi 530002, China
  • Received:2025-07-16 Revised:2025-09-29 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-08-28

摘要:

目的 分析2006—2024年南宁市青秀区职业病报告特征,为优化区域职业病诊断资源配置和加强跨区域职业病防治协作提供依据。方法 从职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统导出2006—2024年青秀区的职业病病例,使用WPS Office 2024软件对资料进行整理,SPSS 23.0软件进行分析。结果 2006—2024年青秀区共报告职业病8类、50种,共3 433例。病例用人单位分布:广西区内其他地市3 250例,占94.67%,外省149例,占4.34%,青秀区34例,占0.99%。职业病报告数前3位依次为职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病(2 508例,占73.06%)、职业性化学中毒(759例,占22.11%)和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病(79例,占2.30%)。病例以男性为主,占92.46%,发病工龄中位数为9年,发病年龄中位数为47岁。2009年报告病例数达峰后呈波动下降趋势。病例主要集中在采矿业(54.18%)和制造业(36.64%);经济类型主要以私有经济(44.95%)和国有经济(32.94%)为主;企业规模以大、中型企业(59.78%)为主。结论 青秀区职业病报告呈现诊断与暴露分离、传统职业病危害主导、私有和大中型企业集中、中年男性高发的特征。建议构建省级职业病诊断协作网络,优化诊断资源配置,强化尘毒噪治理,升级采矿业和制造业的工程防护,推行私有企业强制健康监护与国企设备更新。

关键词: 职业病, 报告特征, 区域协作, 诊断资源配置

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics of reported occupational diseases in Qingxiu District of Nanning City from 2006 to 2024,to provide a basis for optimizing the allocation of regional occupational disease diagnostic resources and strengthening cross-regional collaboration in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods Occupational disease cases in Qingxiu District from 2006 to 2024 were exported from the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System,and the data were collated using WPS Office 2024 software and analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS 23.0 software. Results A total of 3 433 cases of 8 categories and 50 types of occupational diseases were reported in Qingxiu District of Nanning from 2006 to 2024. The distribution of the employers of the cases was as follows:3 250 cases(94.67%) in other cities within Guangxi,149 cases(4.34%) in foreign provinces,and 34 cases(0.99%) in Qingxiu District. The top three reported occupational diseases were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(2 508 cases,73.06%),occupational chemical poisoning(759 cases,22.11%),and occupational ear,nose,throat,and oral diseases(79 cases,2.30%). Cases were predominantly male(92.46%). The median length of employment was 9 years,and the median age at onset was 47 years. After reaching a peak in 2009,the number of reported cases showed a fluctuating downward trend. In terms of industry distribution,cases were mainly concentrated in mining(54.18%) and manufacturing(36.64%). By economic ownership type,private enterprises(44.95%) and state-owned enterprises(32.94%) were the predominant categories. In terms of enterprise size,large and medium-sized enterprises accounted for the majority(59.78%). Conclusion Occupational disease reports in Qingxiu District were characterized by the separation of diagnosis and exposure,the dominance of traditional occupational disease hazards,the concentration of privately owned and large and medium-sized enterprises,and the high prevalence of middle-aged men. It is recommended to build a provincial collaborative network for occupational disease diagnosis,optimize the allocation of diagnostic resources,strengthen the management of dust and noise,upgrade engineering protection in mining and manufacturing industries,and implement mandatory health monitoring in private enterprises and equipment renewal in state-owned enterprises.

Key words: Occupational diseases, Reporting characteristics, Regional collaboration, Diagnostic resource allocation

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