职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 2502-2507.

• 论著——流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

心理契约视角下护士职业妥协潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

吴萍1a, 徐雪茹1b, 张梦超1b, 董恒1a, 刘伟亮2, 段志光1a()   

  1. 1 山西医科大学a人文社会科学学院b管理学院, 山西 太原 030001
    2 西安医学院第一附属医院急诊科陕西 西安 710077
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 通信作者: 段志光
  • 作者简介:段志光,E-mail:dzg528@sxmu.edu.cn
    吴萍,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为健康人文。

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of nurses' career compromise from the perspective of psychological contract

WU Ping1a, XU Xueru1b, ZHANG Mengchao1b, DONG Heng1a, LIU Weiliang2, DUAN Zhiguang1a()   

  1. 1 a College of Humanities and Social Sciencesb Management College,Shanxi Medical University,TaiyuanShanxi 030001, China
    2 Emergency DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University,Xi'anShanxi 710077, China
  • Received:2025-06-25 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: DUAN Zhiguang

摘要:

目的 分析心理契约视角下护士职业妥协现状及潜在剖面,探讨不同类别护士职业妥协的影响因素,为护理管理者降低护士职业妥协提供参考依据。方法 2024年10月—2025年3月,采用便利抽样法选取西安市4所三级甲等医院678名护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、职业妥协量表、医院组织气氛量表及角色超载量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 护士职业妥协得分为(43.90±9.36)分,组织氛围得分为(78.60±13.76)分,角色超载得分为(16.89±4.26)分。护士职业妥协程度可分为高妥协-让步型(11.1%)、中妥协-适应型(56.6%)、低妥协-理想型(32.3%)3个潜在剖面类别。单因素分析中,学历、职称、婚姻状况、是否轮班、平均月收入、年龄、工作年限、组织氛围、角色超载对护士职业妥协潜在剖面类别差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析中,学历、工作年限、职称、组织氛围和角色超载对护士职业妥协潜在剖面类别的回归方程模型均有贡献(均P<0.05)。结论 西安市4所三级甲等医院护士职业妥协处于中等水平且存在异质性,可分为3个潜在剖面。护理管理者应重点关注高妥协-让步型和中妥协-适应型的护士,可从心理契约视角出发,采取针对性的措施提高护士的组织氛围,并降低角色超载,从而稳定护理队伍。

关键词: 护士, 心理契约, 职业妥协, 组织氛围, 角色超载, 潜在剖面分析

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current situation and latent profile of nurses' career compromise from the perspective of psychological contract,and to explore the influencing factors of different categories of nurses' career compromise,so as to provide reference for nursing managers to reduce nurses' professional compromise. Methods From October 2024 to March 2025,this study used the convenience sampling method to select 678 nurses from 4 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an as the survey subjects. The demographic questionnaire,occupational compromise scale,hospital organizational climate scale and role overload scale were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of career compromise was (43.90±9.36)points,the score of organizational atmosphere was (78.60±13.76)points,and the score of role overload was (16.89±4.26)points. Nurses' level of career compromise was divided into 3 latent classes,namely high compromise-concession(11.1%),medium compromise-adaptation(56.6%),and low compromise-ideal(32.3%).The Results of univariate analysis showed that education background,professional titles,marital status,shift,average monthly income,age,working years,organizational atmosphere,and role overload all had statistically significant differences in the potential profile category of nurses' career compromise(all P<0.05). The Results of the multivariate analysis showed that educational background,working years,professional title,organizational atmosphere and role overload contributed to the regression equation model of nurses' career compromise latent profile category(all P<0.05). Conclusion The overall level of career compromise among nurses in 4 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an is medium and heterogeneous,which could be divided into 3 latent profiles. Nursing managers should focus on nurses from high compromise-concession group and medium-compromise-adaptive group,and take targeted measures from a psychological contract perspective to improve organizational atmosphere and reduce role overload,thereby stabilizing the nursing team.

Key words: Nurse, Psychological contract, Career compromise, Organizational atmosphere, Role overload, Latent profile analysis

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