职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 2545-2550.

• 论著——学校卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市、湖北、浙江、山西和河南省14所高校护理本科生元认知能力的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

王家雨1, 余振威2, 邢烨1, 鲁玉1, 白雪1()   

  1. 1 华中科技大学同济医学院湖北 武汉 430030
    2 湖北文理学院附属襄阳市中心医院湖北 襄阳 441000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07 修回日期:2025-09-21 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 通信作者: 白雪
  • 作者简介:白雪,E-mail:baixue@hust.edu.cn
    王家雨,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为护理教育。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72504109)

Study on latent profile analysis of metacognitive abilities and influencing factors among nursing undergraduates from 14 universities in Beijing Municipality,Hubei Province,Zhejiang Province,Shanxi Province and Henan Province

WANG Jiayu1, YU Zhenwei2, XING Ye1, LU Yu1, BAI Xue1()   

  1. 1 Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430030, China
    2 Xiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science,XiangyangHubei 441000, China
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-09-21 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: BAI Xue

摘要:

目的 本研究旨在基于潜在剖面分析对护理本科生元认知能力进行潜在类别分析并探究影响因素。方法 2023年8—11月,采用便利抽样法选取北京市、湖北、浙江、山西和河南省14所高校的775名护理本科生为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表及护理学生元认知能力量表对护理学生一般资料和元认知能力现状进行调查。使用潜在剖面分析确定最佳潜在类别个数,运用有序多分类Logistic回归分析探索护理本科生元认知能力影响因素。结果 775名护理本科生元认知能力得分为(90.83±19.01)分,其元认知能力可分为4个潜在类别,分别为低得分组(12.8%)、中低得分组(50.1%)、中高得分组(30.5%)和高得分组(6.7%)。有序多分类Logistic回归显示,学校类型为部属高校(OR=1.950,P<0.05)、省属高校(OR=1.523,P<0.05)是元认知能力的正向预测因素;大一年级(OR=0.466,P<0.01)、大二年级(OR=0.605,P<0.05)、大三年级(OR=0.654,P<0.05)、无学生工作经历(OR=0.623,P<0.01)和未接受过模拟教学法(OR=0.550,P<0.01)均是元认知能力的负向预测因素。结论 护理本科生元认知能力有异质性,应重点关注“自我意识”维度的提升,护理教育者应结合影响因素制定提升护理本科生元认知能力的方案。

关键词: 护理本科生, 元认知能力, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素, 护理教育, 人才培养

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a latent profile analysis and explore influencing factors of metacognitive abilities among nursing undergraduates using latent profile analysis(LPA). Methods From August to November 2023,775 nursing undergraduates from 14 universities across 5 provinces/municipalities(Beijing Municipality,Hubei Province,Zhejiang Province,Shanxi Province,and Henan Province) were selected as participants using convenience sampling.General information questionnaire and nursing students' metacognitive ability scale were used to collect demographic data and assess metacognitive abilities.Latent profile analysis determined optimal latent categories,with ordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis identifying influencing factors.Results The metacognitive ability score of 775 nursing undergraduates was (90.83±19.01)points,and their metacognitive abilities could be classified into four latent categories:low-scoring group(12.8%),medium-low group(50.1%),medium-high group(30.5%),and high-scoring group(6.7%).Ordinal multinomial Logistic regression revealed that attending a ministry-affiliated university(OR=1.950,P<0.05) or a provincial university(OR=1.523,P<0.05) were positive predictors of metacognitive ability. Conversely,being a first-year student(OR=0.466,P<0.01),second-year student(OR=0.605,P<0.05),third-year student(OR=0.654,P<0.05),lack of student leadership experience(OR=0.623,P<0.01),and no exposure to simulation-based teaching(OR=0.550,P<0.01) were negative predictors of metacognitive ability. Conclusion The metacognitive abilities of undergraduate nursing students are heterogeneous,and particular attention should be paid to enhancing the self-awareness dimension.Nursing educators should develop targeted interventions incorporating these determinants to optimize metacognitive development.

Key words: Nursing undergraduates, Metacognitive abilities, Latent profile analysis, Influencing factors, Nursing education, Talent cultivation

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