职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 2864-2867.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021—2024年四川省公共场所甲醛污染现状及健康风险评估

张东升1,2, 谢宏伟3, 彭晓娟4, 旷聃5, 董红6, 师春立2()   

  1. 1 南充市疾病预防控制中心四川 南充 637000
    2 四川省疾病预防控制中心四川 成都 610000
    3 绵阳市疾病预防控制中心四川 绵阳 621000
    4 雅安市疾病预防控制中心四川 雅安 625000
    5 成都市疾病预防控制中心四川 成都 610000
    6 德阳市疾病预防控制中心四川 德阳 618000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20 修回日期:2025-11-21 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通信作者: 师春立,E-mail:18382032023@163.com
  • 作者简介:张东升,男,主管医师,主要从事环境卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省疾病预防控制中心人才支持项目(ZX202304);四川省现场流行病学培训项目第8期

Current status and health risk assessment of formaldehyde pollution in public places in Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2024

ZHANG Dongsheng1,2, XIE Hongwei3, PENG Xiaojuan4, KUANG Dan5, DONG Hong6, SHI Chunli2()   

  1. 1 Nanchong Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanchongSichuan 637000, China
    2 Sichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduSichuan 610000, China
    3 Mianyang Center for Disease Control and PreventionMianyangSichuan 621000, China
    4 Ya 'an Center for Disease Control and PreventionYa'anSichuan 625000, China
    5 Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduSichuan 610000, China
    6 Deyang Center for Disease Control and PreventionDeyangSichuan 618000, China
  • Received:2025-06-20 Revised:2025-11-21 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-09-14
  • Contact: SHI Chunli,E-mail:18382032023@163.com

摘要:

目的 评估四川省公共场所甲醛污染水平及其对从业人员产生的潜在健康风险,为相关部门加强公共场所室内空气质量管理提供科学依据和数据支持。方法 2021—2024年在四川省成都市、德阳市、绵阳市和雅安市随机抽取健身房、宾馆/酒店、理发店及美容店4类公共场所开展甲醛监测,分析公共场所室内空气中甲醛污染现状并对其从业人员进行健康风险评估。结果 2021—2024年四川省公共场所共监测甲醛2 520份,检出率为72.54%,达标率为96.11%,健身房、宾馆/酒店、理发店及美容店甲醛检测浓度中位数分别为0.020、0.020、0.020和0.021 mg/m3。不同年份中2024年甲醛的污染水平和健康风险最高,其检测浓度中位数为0.028 mg/m3,非致癌风险危害商(hazard quotient,HQ)为0.879,致癌风险(carcinogenic risk,CR值)为4.817×10-5;不同场所中美容店的污染水平和健康风险最高,其检测浓度中位数为0.021 mg/m3HQ值为0.660,CR值为3.612×10-5;不同季节中夏季的污染水平和健康风险最高,其检测浓度中位数为0.023 mg/m3HQ值为0.722,CR值为3.956×10-5。健康风险累积概率分布显示,30.38%的HQ值>1,且存在极端HQ值;72.12%的CR值>10-6,68.55%的致癌风险CR值>10-5,同时存在11.99%的致癌风险CR值>10-4结论 2021—2024年四川省公共场所甲醛达标率较高,整体风险水平较低,但部分公共场所甲醛的非致癌、致癌风险均处于较高水平,对从业人员存在一定的健康风险,应重点关注。

关键词: 公共场所, 室内空气, 甲醛, 致癌风险, 非致癌风险, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To assess the level of formaldehyde pollution in public places in Sichuan Province and its potential health risks to practitioners,and to provide scientific basis and data support for relevant authorities to strengthen the indoor air quality management of public places. Methods From 2021 to 2024,formaldehyde monitoring was carried out in randomly selected four types of public places,including gyms,hotels/hotels,barbershops and beauty shops in Chengdu City,Deyang City,Mianyang City and Ya'an City,Sichuan Province,to analyze the current indoor air pollution of formaldehyde in public places and conduct health risk assessment for their employees. Results From 2021 to 2024,a total of 2 520 samples of formaldehyde were detected in public places in Sichuan Province,the detection rate was 72.54%,and the standard rate was 96.11%. The median concentrations of formaldehyde detected in gyms,hotels,barbershops,and beauty salons were 0.020,0.020,0.020,and 0.021 mg/m3,respectively. The pollution level and health risk of formaldehyde in 2024 were the highest in different years,with a median concentration of 0.028 mg/m3,non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient(HQ) value of 0.879,and carcinogenic risk(CR) value of 4.817×10-5. The pollution level and health risk of beauty shops in different places were the highest,with the median detection concentration of 0.021 mg/m3HQ value of 0.660,and CR value of 3.612×10-5. The pollution level and health risk were the highest in summer during different periods,and the median concentration was 0.023 mg/m3HQ value was 0.722,and CR value was 3.956×10-5. The cumulative probability distribution of health risks showed that 30.38% of non-carcinogenic risks had HQ values greater than 1,and there were extreme HQ values. 72.12% of the CR value was greater than 10-6,68.55% of the CR value was greater than 10-5,while 11.99% of the CR value was greater than 10-4. Conclusion From 2021 to 2024,the formaldehyde compliance rate in public places in Sichuan Province was relatively high,and the overall risk level was low. However,the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks caused by formaldehyde in some public places are at a high level,which poses certain health risks to employees and should be given special attention.

Key words: Public places, Indoor air, Formaldehyde, Carcinogenic risk, Non-carcinogenic risk, Health risk assessment

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