2022年淮安市生活饮用水中17种化学物的健康风险评价

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 2378-2381.

2022年淮安市生活饮用水中17种化学物的健康风险评价

杨娟¹, 王琦², 陈晓敏², 陈国才², 骆善彩², 张雯²

1.雄安新区公共卫生服务中心卫生管理部,河北雄安新区 071701;
2.淮安市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生科,江苏淮安 223003

收稿日期:2024-12-28 修回日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2025-09-01 发布日期:2025-12-13
作者简介:杨娟,女,副主任医师,主要从事环境、学校和营养食品卫生工作。

Health risk assessment of 17 chemical substances in drinking water in Huai'an City in 2022

YANG Juan¹, WANG Qi², CHEN Xiaomin², CHEN Guocai², LUO Shancai², ZHANG Wen²

1. Department of Health Administration,Xiongan New Area Center for Public Health Service,Xiongan,Hebei 071701,China;
2. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huai'an,Jiangsu 223003,China

Received:2024-12-28 Revised:2025-01-14 Online:2025-09-01 Published:2025-12-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解淮安市2022年生活饮用水中砷、镉等17种化学物的含量,并评估其经饮水途径对人体健康产生的潜在风险。方法收集2022年淮安市各县区825份生活饮用水的检测结果。采用美国国家环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型分析17种化学物健康风险。使用t检验比较17种化学物质在不同类型水样的健康风险差异。结果淮安市生活饮用水中17种化学物合格率均为100%,其中汞和挥发酚类未检出。饮用水中镉、六价铬、砷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳的致癌风险分别为9.14×10^-7/年、8.74×10^-7/年、7.40×10^-7/年、2.66×10^-7/年、2.87×10^-9/年,累计致癌风险值为2.80×10^-6/年,在可接受范围。饮用水中化学物非致癌风险由高到低分别是氟化物、硝酸盐氮、铅、汞、铜、硒、氨氮、铁、锌、氰化物、锰、挥发酚类,分别为4.89×10^-9/年、4.75×10^-10/年、4.27×10^-10/年、7.87×10^-11/年、4.30×10^-11/年、2.48×10^-11/年、2.15×10^-11/年、2.00×10^-11/年、1.67×10^-11/年、1.43×10^-11/年、1.30×10^-11/年、1.57×10^-12/年,累计非致癌总风险值为6.03×10^-9/年,属可忽略水平。丰水期5种化学物（镉、六价铬、砷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳）的致癌风险及5种化学物（硒、氟化物、铁、锰及铜）的非致癌风险均高于枯水期（均P<0.05）;出厂水中砷及三氯甲烷2种化学物的致癌风险,硒和锌等2种化学物的非致癌风险均低于末梢水（均P<0.05）。结论 2022年淮安市生活饮用水经水途径暴露5种化学物产生的致癌风险在可接受范围,但需高度关注。其中,镉和六价铬是淮安市生活饮用水健康风险的主要化学物,12种化学物产生的非致癌风险属可忽略水平。

关键词: 生活饮用水, 化学物, 健康风险评价

Abstract: Objective To understand the content of 17 chemical substances such as arsenic and cadmium in the drinking water in Huai'an City in 2022,and evaluate their potential risks to human health through drinking water routes. Methods Totally 825 drinking water samples were collected from various counties and districts in Huai'an City in 2022. The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the health risks of 17 chemical substances. T-test was used to compare the health risks differences of 17 chemical substances in different types of drinking water. Results The qualified rates of 17 chemicals in drinking water in Huai'an City were 100%,in which mercury and volatile phenols were not detected. The carcinogenic risks of cadmium,hexavalent chromium,arsenic,trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water were 9.14×10^-7/a,8.74×10^-7/a,7.40×10^-7/a,2.66×10^-7/a,2.87×10^-9/a,respectively,and the cumulative carcinogenic risk value was 2.80×10^-6/a,which was within an acceptable range. The non-carcinogenic risks of chemicals substances in drinking water,from high to low,were fluoride,nitrate nitrogen,lead,mercury,copper,selenium,ammonia nitrogen,iron,zinc,cyanide,manganese,and volatile phenols,which were 4.89×10^-9/a,4.75×10^-10/a,4.27×10^-10/a,7.87×10^-11/a,4.30×10^-11/a,2.48×10^-11/a,2.15×10^-11/a, 2.00×10^-11/a,1.67×10^-11/a,1.43×10^-11/a,1.30×10^-11/a,1.57×10^-12/a,respectively,and the cumulative non-carcinogenic risk value was 6.03×10^-9/a,which was a negligible level. The carcinogenic risk of 5 chemicals（including cadmium,hexavalent chromium,arsenic,trichloromethane,and carbon tetrachloride） and the non-carcinogenic risk of 5 chemicals（including selenium,fluoride,iron,manganese and copper） were higher in wet season than in dry season（all P<0.05）. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic and trichloromethane and the non-carcinogenic risk of selenium and zinc in finished water,were lower than that of tap water（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The carcinogenic risk caused by the exposure of 5 chemical substances in drinking water through the water route in Huai'an City in 2022 was in acceptable range,which needs high attention. Among them,cadmium and hexavalent chromium were the main chemical substances of health risk in drinking water in Huai'an,and the non-carcinogenic risk caused by the exposure of 12 chemical substances was at a negligible level.

Key words: Drinking water, Chemical substances, Health risk assessment

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺4

杨娟, 王琦, 陈晓敏, 陈国才, 骆善彩, 张雯. 2022年淮安市生活饮用水中17种化学物的健康风险评价. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(17): 2378-2381.

YANG Juan, WANG Qi, CHEN Xiaomin, CHEN Guocai, LUO Shancai, ZHANG Wen. Health risk assessment of 17 chemical substances in drinking water in Huai'an City in 2022. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(17): 2378-2381.

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