四川省三级甲等医院临床护士精神气候、工作动机与工作绩效的相关研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解四川省三级甲等医院临床护士精神气候、工作动机与工作绩效的现状,探讨精神气候与工作动机对临床护士工作绩效的影响。方法 2024年2—3月采用便利抽样法选取四川省12所三级甲等医院1 476名临床护士作为研究对象,采用精神气候量表、工作动机量表和工作绩效量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果三级甲等医院临床护士精神气候得分为（16.22±2.60）分,工作动机得分为（30.60±5.31）分,工作绩效得分为（41.42±5.81）分。单因素分析显示,不同性别、婚育状况、最高学历、所在科室、职称、聘用方式、工作年限、是否轮值夜班、自评健康状况及自评睡眠质量的临床护士工作绩效得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示,三级甲等医院临床护士精神气候与工作绩效得分均呈正相关（r=0.403~0.482,均P<0.05）;工作动机与工作绩效得分均呈正相关（r=0.368~0.532,均P<0.05）。分层回归分析显示,控制一般人口学资料后,内在、外在工作动机和精神气候对工作绩效仍然具有显著预测作用（β=0.302、0.090、0.211,均P<0.05）,解释了33.3%的工作绩效影响因素。结论四川省三级甲等医院临床护士工作绩效处于较高水平,精神气候和工作动机是其重要保护因素。管理者应重视护士工作绩效状况,提升其工作动机,营造良好的精神文化氛围,从而改善临床护士工作行为和结果,保障患者安全。

关键词: 护士, 工作绩效, 工作动机, 精神气候, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of mental climate,work motivation and work performance of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals,and to explore the influence of mental climate and work motivation on the work performance of clinical nurses. Methods From February to March 2024,1 476 clinical nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method. The spiritual climate scale,the work motivation scale and the job performance scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores for mental climate,work motivation and job performance of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals were （16.22±2.60）,（30.60±5.31） and（41.42±5.81）points,respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the job performance scores of clinical nurses with different genders,marital and reproductive status,highest academic qualifications,departments,professional titles,employment methods,working years,night shiftsrotation,self-rated health status,and self-rated sleep quality（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the mental climate of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals was positively correlated with job performance scores（r=0.403-0.482,all P<0.05 ）. There was a positive correlationship between work motivation and job performance score（r=0.368-0.532,all P<0.05）. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling general demographic data,internal and external work motivation and mental climate still had a significant predictive effect on job performance（β=0.302,0.090,0.211,all P<0.05 ）,which independently explained 33.3% of the influencing factors of job performance. Conclusion The job performance of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals is at a high level,and mental climate and work motivation are important protective factors. Managers should pay attention to the job performance of nurses,enhance their work motivation,and create a good spiritual and cultural atmosphere,so as to improve the work behavior and results of clinical nurses and ensure the safety of patients.

Key words: Nurse, Job performance, Work motivation, Spiritual climate, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R192.6

蒋颖, 赵亚君, 杨娟, 黄春华, 甘皓月, 伍苑晨. 四川省三级甲等医院临床护士精神气候、工作动机与工作绩效的相关研究. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(18): 2534-2539.

JIANG Ying, ZHAO Yajun, YANG Juan, HUANG Chunhua, GAN Haoyue, WU Yuanchen. Correlation study between mental climate,work motivation and job performance of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(18): 2534-2539.

参考文献

[1] 张倩,李明子,韩世范,等.国际护士理事会2021年《护士处方权指南》解读[J].护理研究,2022,36(16):2827-2835.
[2] 翟義胲,林雪,庞永慧.低年资护士心理资本对离职意愿的影响:敬业度和职业倦怠链式中介作用[J].护理管理杂志,2023,23(PP4):305-309.
[3] DYRYE L N,SHANAFELT T D,JHSON P O,et al.A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between burnout,absenteeism,and job performance among American nurses[J].BMC Nurs,2019,18:57.
[4] SONG J,SHI X,ZHENG X,et al.The impact of perceived organizational justice on young nurses' job performance:A chain mediating role of organizational climate and job embeddedness[J].BMC Nurs,2024,23(1):231-238.
[5] 束翠华,熊正香,李丽.临床护士离职意愿影响因素的研究进展[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(1):47-49.
[6] 袁蓓蓓,杨红,王琨,等.中国医院消化科医师内在工作动机对职业倦态的影响以及工作压力的中介作用[J].中华医学杂志,2022,102(41):3321-3327.
[7] 赵世超,李婧宇,邹碧莹,等.绩效管理对基层卫生人员工作绩效的影响机制研究——工作动机的中介作用[J].中国卫生政策研究,2022, 15(5):24-30.
[8] WANG X,XIA Y,GOU L,et al.Exploring the influence of the spiritual climate on psychological empowerment among nurses in China:A cross-sectional study[J].BMC Nurs,2024,23(1):374-378.
[9] 吴夏鑫,张瑜,吴金凤,等.中文版精神气候简式量表的信效度研究[J].护理研究,2019,33(14):2396-2399.
[10] GAGNÉ M,FOREST J,VANSTEENKISTE M,et al.The multidimensional work motivation scale:Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries[J].Eur J Work Organ Psychol,2015,24(2):178-196.
[11] 马燕兰,王建荣,王辉,等.医院护士工作绩效评估的探索性因子研究[J].护理研究,2008(1):35-39.
[12] SHARMA J,DHAR R L.Factors influencing job performance of nursing staff[J].Pers Rev,2016,45(1):161-182.
[13] 苏永发,白新文,明晓东.上下级关系及下属传统性对工作投入和绩效的影响——被调节的中介效应模型[J].管理评论,2022,34(11):193-205.
[14] 杨绍清,王伟芳,武帅,等.职工归因风格对工作绩效的影响:决策风格的中介作用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2021,29(8):1225-1230.
[15] 隋朝君. 新医改背景下公立医院内部绩效考核问题和对策研究[J].现代经济信息,2020(11):16-17.
[16] 刘杰. 多类型“领导-下属”性别组合对组织绩效的影响及调控之道[J].领导科学,2021,1(2):85-87.
[17] 郭建伟,蒲静,张海萍.低年资护士人际关系困扰在心理安全感与工作绩效中的中介作用[J].职业与健康,2022,38(11):1491-1494
[18] BONO J E,JUDGE T A.Self-concordance at work:Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders[J].Acad Manag J,2003,46(5):554-571.
[19] CERASOLI C P,NICKLIN J M,FORD M T.Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance:A 40-year meta-analysis[J].Psychol Bull,2014,140(4):980-1008.
[20] TONG L.Relationship between meaningful work and job performance in nurses[J].Int J Nurs Pract,2018,24(2):e12620.
[21] NUSRANINGRUM D,RAHMAWATI A,WIDER W,et al.Enhancing employee performance through motivation:The mediating roles of green work environments and engagement in Jakarta's logistics sector[J].Front Sociol,2024,9:1392229.
[22] CRUZ J P,ALQU W E Z N,MESDEJ H,et al.Spiritual climate in hospitals influences nurses' professional quality of life[J].J Nurs Manage,2020,28(7):1589-1597.
[23] KAZEMIPOUR F,MOHAMAD A S,POURSEIDI B.Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses through mediation of affective organizational commitment[J].J Nurs Scholarsh,2012,44(3):302-310.
[24] 尹吉善,史沙沙,崔文香.医院护士工作绩效现状及其影响因素的调查分析[J].中国实用护理杂志,2013,10(1):6-10.