乡村振兴背景下松滋市农村空巢老年人健康状况及护理需求研究

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 942-947.

乡村振兴背景下松滋市农村空巢老年人健康状况及护理需求研究

谢冰^1,2, 周陈旖贝¹, 黄杏³, 王荣^4a, 付逗^4b, 欧阳艳琼¹

1.武汉大学护理学院,湖北武汉 430071;
2.深圳市儿童医院泌尿外科,广东深圳 518000;
3.松滋市人民医院,湖北荆州 434200;
4.武汉大学人民医院a护理部,b老年病科,湖北武汉 430060

收稿日期:2024-05-26 修回日期:2024-09-26 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-12-17
通信作者: 欧阳艳琼,副教授,E-mail：ouyangyq@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:谢冰,女,在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为临床护理。
基金资助:
湖北省卫生健康委卫生健康科研立项项目（WJ2021F103）; 湖北省重点实验室开放项目-护理专项立项项目（2022KFH016）

Research on health status and nursing needs of empty-nested elderly in rural areas of Songzi City under the background of rural revitalization

XIE Bing^1,2, ZHOU Chenyibei¹, HUANG Xing³, WANG Rong^4a, FU Dou^4b, OUYANG Yanqiong¹

1. School of Nursing,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China;
2. Department of Urology,Shenzhen Children's Hospital,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000,China;
3. Songzi People's Hospital,Jingzhou,Hubei 434200,China;
4. a Department of Nursing, b Department of Geratology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430060,China

Received:2024-05-26 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-12-17
Contact: OUYANG Yanqiong,Associate professor,E-mail：ouyangyq@whu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查农村空巢老年人健康状况和护理需求,为改善其健康水平提供依据,为构建农村养老新模式积累数据。方法于2023年3—6月抽取湖北省松滋市10个乡镇共计683位60岁以上老年人作为调查对象,采用欧洲五维健康状况测量量表（EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire,EQ-5D）和护理需求调查问卷进行调查。运用t检验、多元线性回归等方法进行数据分析。结果 90.34%的空巢老年人患有慢性病,在EQ-5D健康描述系统中自评存在困难比例最高的维度是疼痛或不适。EQ-5D指数得分为（0.877±0.131）分,EQ-5D视觉模拟得分为（75.19±17.05）分。文化程度、医疗支付方式与EQ-5D健康描述评分均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。空巢老年人护理总体需求得分为（3.32±0.96）分,需求最高的依次是“定期提供健康检查”“建立健康咨询热线电话”。在疼痛或不适、焦虑或抑郁维度存在困难人群的总体护理需求均显著高于无困难人群（均P<0.05）。结论湖北省松滋市农村空巢老年人罹患身心慢性病的比例高,健康状况一般,对护理服务的需求大,农村老年人的健康管理和护理服务亟待完善。

关键词: 空巢老年人, 健康状况, 护理需求

Abstract: Objective To investigate the health status and nursing needs of rural empty-nested elderly,provide a basis for improving their health level,and accumulate data for constructing a new model for rural old-age care. Methods From March to June 2023,a total of 683 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected from 10 townships in Songzi City,Hubei Province as survey subjects. The EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire（EQ-5D） and the care needs questionnaire were used for the survey. Use methods such as t-test and multiple linear regression for data analysis. Results 90.34% of empty nesters suffered from chronic diseases,and the dimension with the highest proportion of difficulty in self-evaluation in the EQ-5D health description system was pain or discomfort. The EQ-5D index score was （0.877±0.131）points,and the EQ-VAS score was （75.19±17.05）points. Educational level and medical payment methods were positively correlated with the EQ-5D health description scores（both P<0.05）. The score of total nursing needs of empty nest elderly was （3.32±0.96）points,and the top two nursing needs in the rankings were "providing regular health checkups" and "establishment of health counseling hotline". The nursing needs of those who rated themselves as having difficulty with "pain or discomfort" and "anxiety or depression" were higher than those who rated themselves as not having difficulty（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The proportion of empty-nesting elderly people in rural areas of Songzi City,Hubei Province suffering from chronic physical and mental diseases is high,and their health status is average. There is a great demand for nursing services,and the health management and nursing services for rural elderly people urgently need to be improved.

Key words: Empty-nested elderly, Health status, Nursing needs

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺7

谢冰, 周陈旖贝, 黄杏, 王荣, 付逗, 欧阳艳琼. 乡村振兴背景下松滋市农村空巢老年人健康状况及护理需求研究. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(7): 942-947.

XIE Bing, ZHOU Chenyibei, HUANG Xing, WANG Rong, FU Dou, OUYANG Yanqiong. Research on health status and nursing needs of empty-nested elderly in rural areas of Songzi City under the background of rural revitalization. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(7): 942-947.

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