卫生管理人员对《公共场所设计卫生规范》认知现状调查

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 948-953.

卫生管理人员对《公共场所设计卫生规范》认知现状调查

倪骏¹, 张莉君¹, 郑毅鸣¹, 刘永萍², 陈健¹, 张莉萍¹

1.上海市疾病预防控制中心公共服务与健康安全评价所,上海 200336;
2.上海市普陀区疾病预防控制中心环境监测科,上海 200333

收稿日期:2024-11-26 修回日期:2024-12-08 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-12-17
通信作者: 陈健,主任医师,E-mail：chenjian_3@scdc.sh.cn;张莉萍,主任技师,E-mail：zhangliping_2@scdc.sh.cn
作者简介:倪骏,女,正高级工程师,主要从事公共场所卫生学检测与评价工作。
基金资助:
中国疾病预防控制中心2023年卫生标准实施评估项目（卫标环〔2023〕第 1号）; 上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）重点学科项目（GWVI-11.1-38）; 上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）（GWVI-5）

Survey on current status of health care managers' knowledge of the code of hygiene for the design of public places

NI Jun¹, ZHANG Lijun¹, ZHENG Yiming¹, LIU Yongping², CHEN Jian¹, ZHANG Liping¹

1. Institute of Public Service and Health Safety Assessment,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;
2. Shanghai Municipal Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200333,China

Received:2024-11-26 Revised:2024-12-08 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-12-17
Contact: CHEN Jian,Chief physician,E-mail：chenjian_3@scdc.sh.cn;ZHANG Liping,Chief technician,E-mail：zhangliping_2@scdc.sh.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解卫生管理人员对所服务公共场所的卫生设施设计关注度及《公共场所设计卫生规范》的知晓情况。方法 2023年3—4月,按照整群抽样的原则,对全国31个省级行政区市的1个省会城市、1个地级城市和1个县级城市的公共卫生场所进行抽样,对卫生管理人员《公共场所设计卫生规范》知晓情况进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析,对标准实施情况和效果进行追踪评价。结果共调查4 030名卫生管理人员,问卷有效率为100%。83.4%的管理人员知晓本标准,标准知晓率较高;不同年龄、学历、职称、工作年限、地区和公共场所的管理人员标准知晓率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;管理人员对《规范》的第一、二、五部分的熟悉程度比例较高,分别占87.6%、73.5%和71.4%;绝大多数人员主要通过会议和文件了解本标准,而且所有人员都参加过内部培训,占75.6%或外部培训,占71.6%,外部培训中以卫生监督部门组织居多,占66.2%。总体上说,80%的卫生管理人员所服务的公共场所卫生设施设置较为完善。结论公共场所卫生管理人员的标准知晓率较高,卫生部门开展的培训仍是管理人员获取标准规范的首要途径,应有针对性的对这些管理人员加大培训和监管力度,提高管理人员的认识,改善行业卫生环境。

关键词: 卫生管理人员, 公共场所, 卫生规范, 认知状况

Abstract: Objective To understand the attention of health management personnel about the design of sanitary facilities in public places and their knowledge of the code of hygiene for the design of public places. Methods From March to April 2023,according to the principle of cluster sampling,public health facilities in one provincial capital city,one prefecture level city,and one county-level city of 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China were sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the knowledge of health management personnel about the "code of hygiene for the design of public places",and the survey results were statistically analyzed to track and evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the standards. Results A total of 4 030 health management personnel were surveyed,and the questionnaire had an effective rate of 100%. 83.4% of the managers were aware of this standard,with a high awareness rate of the standard. The comparison of standard awareness rates among managers of different ages,educational backgrounds,professional titles,years of work experience,regions,and public places showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The proportion of familiarity among management personnel with the first,second,and fifth parts of the "Norms" was relatively high,accounting for 87.6%,73.5%,and 71.4% respectively. The vast majority of personnel mainly learned about this standard through meetings and documents,and all personnel had participated in internal training,accounting for 75.6%,or external training,accounting for 71.6%. The majority of external training was organized by the health supervision department,accounting for 66.2%. On the whole,80% of the public places served by health management personnel had relatively complete sanitation facilities. Conclusion The awareness rate of standards among health management personnel in public places is relatively high,and the training conducted by the health department is still the first way for management personnel to obtain the standard norms. Targeted training and supervision should be increased for these management personnel to enhance their understanding and improve the industry's hygiene environment.

Key words: Hygiene management personnel, Public places, Hygiene standards, Cognitive status

中图分类号:

R192

倪骏, 张莉君, 郑毅鸣, 刘永萍, 陈健, 张莉萍. 卫生管理人员对《公共场所设计卫生规范》认知现状调查. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(7): 948-953.

NI Jun, ZHANG Lijun, ZHENG Yiming, LIU Yongping, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Liping. Survey on current status of health care managers' knowledge of the code of hygiene for the design of public places. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(7): 948-953.

参考文献

[1] 白金辉. 公共场所卫生监督存在的问题与对策分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2020,40(2):137-140.
[2] 国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.公共场所设计卫生规范第1部分:总则:GB 37489.1—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019:1-4.
[3] 国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.公共场所设计卫生规范第2部分:住宿场所:GB 37489.2—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019:1-2.
[4] 国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.公共场所设计卫生规范第3部分:人工游泳场所:GB 37489.3—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019:1-3.
[5] 国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.公共场所设计卫生规范第4部分:沐浴场所:GB 37489.4—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019:1-2.
[6] 国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.公共场所设计卫生规范第5部分:美容美发场所:GB 37489.5—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019:1-2.
[7] 中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部.人力资源社会保障部办公厅市场监管总局办公厅统计局办公室关于发布区块链工程技术人员等职业信息的通知[EB/OL].(2020-06-28) [2024-05-03].https://www.mohrss.gov.cn/xxgk2020/fdzdgknr/rcrs_4225/jnrc/202112/t20211227_431394.html.
[8] BENJAMIN M,PERPETUAL C,CHRISTO H,et al.Health managers and community representatives' views of a system-wide intervention to trengthen public healthcare in the Free State,South Africa[J].Afr Health Sci,2023,23(1):747-764.
[9] KRITIKA U,SONU G,PREETHI J.Developing a capacity building training model for public health managers of low and middle income countries[J].PLoS One,2023,18(4):e0272793.
[10] 鲁周琴,何军山,曹慧芳,等.郴州市社区居民对室内空气污染健康危害的认知现状调查[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(2):185-188.
[11] 周婧炜,许小燕.昆山市公共场所管理人员卫生知信行调查[J].中国校医,2013,27(1):22-24.
[12] 连玉峰,黄彪,杨卫国,等.珠海市食品行业管理人员卫生知识、行为调查[J].中国公共卫生管理,2006(5):426-427.
[13] 宁勇,张霞,唐颖,等.公众室内空气质量认知现状调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2021,11(4):326-331.
[14] 余华丽,唐富友,蒋璐蔓,等.成都双流国际机场口岸食品从业人员卫生知识、态度、行为调查[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2020, 43(2):121-123.
[15] 李莉,孙波,程义斌,等.《公共场所卫生管理条例》实施效果调查与问题分析[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2019,26(6):568-576.
[16] 单冰,张扬,孙兴,等.2018年济南市公共场所卫生状况分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2021,11(5):431-437.
[17] 刘明兴,赖亚林,成朝强.2004—2009年德阳市公共场所室内可吸入颗粒物监测结果分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2011,1(4):14-16.
[18] 钱洋. 张家港市住宿业卫生监督量化分级管理结果分析[J].中国公共卫生管理,2010,26(4):370-371.